Shloka 20

हनूमत्संवादः / Hanuman’s Diplomatic Approach to Rama and Lakshmana

Devanagari script

एवं मां परिभाषन्तं कस्माद्वै नाभिभाषथः4.3.19।।सुग्रीवो नाम धर्मात्मा कश्चिद्वानरयूथपः।वीरो विनिकृतो भ्रात्रा जगद्भ्रमति दुःखितः4.3.20।।

Transliteration

evaṃ māṃ paribhāṣantaṃ kasmād vai nābhibhāṣathaḥ 4.3.19 ||

sugrīvo nāma dharmātmā kaścid vānarayūthapaḥ |

vīro vinikṛto bhrātrā jagad bhramati duḥkhitaḥ 4.3.20 ||

Translation

Sao các ngài không đáp lời, dù ta đã nói như thế? Có một bậc anh hùng công chính tên Sugrīva, thủ lĩnh bầy khỉ; bị anh em mình làm hại, nay lang thang trong nỗi bi sầu.

Word by Word

• सुग्रीवः: Sugriva
• सुग्रीवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन

• नाम: by name
• नाम: Sambandha/Viseshana (सम्बन्ध/विशेषण-भाव)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; नाम-शब्दः (indeclinable particle meaning ‘by name’)

• धर्मात्मा: righteous-souled
• धर्मात्मा: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्मात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (धर्मस्य आत्मा = whose self is righteous)

• कश्चित्: a certain / some
• कश्चित्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कश्चित् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अनिश्चितवाचक-सर्वनाम (indefinite pronoun)

• वानरयूथपः: chief of monkey troops
• वानरयूथपः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर + यूथप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (वानराणां यूथपः = leader of monkey-troops)

• वीरः: hero
• वीरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• विनिकृतः: wronged
• विनिकृतः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-नि-√कृ (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त; भूतकर्मणि-क्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अर्थः ‘injured/ill-treated’

• भ्रात्रा: by (his) brother
• भ्रात्रा: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन

• जगत्: throughout the world
• जगत्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: जगत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभावे/क्रियाविशेषणत्वेन; द्वितीया-एकवचनाकारः (accusative-form used adverbially)

• भ्रमति: wanders
• भ्रमति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भ्रम् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• दुःखितः: grieved
• दुःखितः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःखित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Context

'Why are you silent while I am talking? (I am here to apprise ) about a great and righteous warrior Sugriva, the chief of the troop of monkeys, sadly wandering all over the land here, banished by his brother

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Sugrīva
• brother (Vāli, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma demands attentiveness to a righteous appeal and responsiveness in dialogue; silence in the face of a just petition can delay justice.

What is the narrative situation?

This verse repeats/continues the same appeal: Hanumān presses Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa to respond and hear Sugrīva’s case.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Persistence in truthful advocacy—Hanumān continues to present Sugrīva’s grievance clearly.