Shloka 62

वर्षावर्णनम्

The Monsoon Description and Rama’s Counsel on Timing

Devanagari script

स्वयमेव हि विश्रम्य ज्ञात्वा कालमुपागतम्।उपकारं च सुग्रीवो वेत्स्यते नात्र संशयः4.28.62।।

Transliteration

svayam eva hi viśramya jñātvā kālam upāgatam | upakāraṁ ca sugrīvo vetsyate nātra saṁśayaḥ ||

Translation

Vì sau khi tự mình nghỉ ngơi, và biết thời cơ đã đến, Sugrīva ắt sẽ tự hiểu ân trợ giúp mình phải báo đáp; điều ấy không có gì nghi ngờ.

Word by Word

• svayam: himself
• svayam: Karta (कर्ता) (emphatic adverbial to subject)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svayam (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• eva: indeed/only
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle/emphasis (निपात)

• hi: for/indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (reason-giving particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात), causal/emphatic

• viśramya: having rested
• viśramya: Kriya (क्रिया) (पूर्वकालिक क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-śram (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
• Form: Kṛdanta (कृदन्त), absolutive/gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यपन्त), from √śram (श्रम्) with prefix vi-; meaning 'having rested'

• jñātvā: having known
• jñātvā: Kriya (क्रिया) (पूर्वकालिक क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jñā (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
• Form: Kṛdanta (कृदन्त), absolutive/gerund (क्त्वान्त), from √jñā (ज्ञा); 'having known'

• kālam: the time
• kālam: Karma (कर्म) (object of jñātvā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā vibhakti (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (एकवचन)

• upāgatam: that has arrived
• upāgatam: Karma (कर्म) (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: upa-ā-gam (धातु) + kta (क्त) / upāgata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Kṛdanta (कृदन्त), past passive participle (क्त), from √gam (गम्) with prefixes upa-ā-; Napuṃsakaliṅga (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; agrees with kālam

• upakāram: the help/favor
• upakāram: Karma (कर्म) (object of vetsyate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upakāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā vibhakti (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक निपात)

• sugrīvaḥ: Sugriva
• sugrīvaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (subject of vetsyate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (एकवचन)

• vetsyate: will know/realize
• vetsyate: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vid (धातु) (√vid/विद् 'to know')
• Form: Tinganta (तिङन्त), Luṭ-lakāra (लुट्, periphrastic future; future), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

• na: not/no
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), negation particle (निषेध निपात)

• atra: here/in this matter
• atra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण) (locative sense: 'here/in this matter')
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण)

• saṃśayaḥ: doubt
• saṃśayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (of implied 'asti': 'there is')
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃśaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (एकवचन)

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• Sugriva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma values gratitude and timely duty: one should recognize benefits received and repay them when the time is ripe.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama reassures Lakshmana that Sugriva, once rested and mindful of time, will remember his obligation to assist Rama.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s patience and trust grounded in moral expectation—confidence that gratitude will awaken with proper timing.