Shloka 45

प्रस्रवणगिरिवासवर्णनम्

Residence on Mount Prasravana; Counsel during the Rains

Devanagari script

उपकारेण वीरस्तु प्रतीकारेण युज्यते।अकृतज्ञोऽप्रतिकृतो हन्ति सत्त्ववतां मनः4.27.45।।

Transliteration

upakāreṇa vīras tu pratīkāreṇa yujyate |

akṛtajño 'pratikṛto hanti sattvavatāṃ manaḥ || 4.27.45 ||

Translation

Bậc anh hùng lấy báo đáp xứng đáng để đền ơn. Còn kẻ vô ơn, không đáp lại điều đã được làm cho mình, thì làm tan nát lòng những người cao thượng.

Word by Word

• upakāreṇa: by a favour/benefit
• upakāreṇa: Hetu (हेतु/cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upakāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• vīraḥ: a hero/noble person
• vīraḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• tu: indeed/but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle)

• pratīkāreṇa: by requital/return-help
• pratīkāreṇa: Karana (करण/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pratīkāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• yujyate: is joined/engages (is bound)
• yujyate: Kriya (क्रिया/action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yuj (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• akṛtajñaḥ: an ungrateful person
• akṛtajñaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: a-kṛtajña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• a-pratikṛtaḥ: one who has not repaid (a favour)
• a-pratikṛtaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-pratikṛta (प्रातिपदिक; prati-√kṛ-क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अकृतज्ञः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• hanti: destroys
• hanti: Kriya (क्रिया/action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √han (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• sattvavatām: of the spirited/virtuous
• sattvavatām: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sattvavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• manaḥ: mind/heart
• manaḥ: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

Context

'O lord of men, your desire will be fulfilled soon. Be determined to fight the enemy while waiting for autumn. Forgive this rainy season (and its water that obstructs).

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma upholds gratitude and reciprocity: receiving help creates a moral obligation to respond with appropriate support. Ingratitude is portrayed as a serious ethical failure.

What is the narrative situation?

In the context of alliances and mutual assistance (especially with Sugrīva), Rāma articulates the moral logic of repaying help and the harm caused by failing to do so.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Gratitude (kṛtajñatā) and honourable conduct—traits expected of the truly heroic and noble-minded.