Shloka 2

वालिनः और्ध्वदैहिकम्

Vali’s Funeral Rites and the Consolation of the Bereaved

Devanagari script

न शोकपरितापेन श्रेयसा युज्यते मृतः।यदत्रानन्तरं कार्यं तत्समाधातुमर्हथ4.25.2।।

Transliteration

na śokaparitāpena śreyasā yujyate mṛtaḥ | yad atrānantaraṃ kāryaṃ tat samādhātum arhatha || 4.25.2 ||

Translation

Người đã chết chẳng được an lành nhờ than khóc và đau đớn. Vậy nay các ngươi hãy sắp đặt và đảm đương điều bổn phận kế tiếp cần làm.

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-avyaya (Negation particle/निषेध)

• śoka-paritāpena: by grief and anguish
• śoka-paritāpena: Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śoka (प्रातिपदिक) + paritāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvandva-samāsa (द्वन्द्व: 'grief and anguish'); Puṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental/तृतीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• śreyasā: with welfare/benefit
• śreyasā: Sahakārī (Accompaniment/सहकारी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śreyas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental/तृतीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• yujyate: is joined/attains
• yujyate: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: yuj (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (Present/लट्), Ātmanepada, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• mṛtaḥ: the dead (person)
• mṛtaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √mṛ धातु)
• Form: Bhūta-kṛdanta (Past participle/भूतकृदन्त, kta), Puṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• yat: whatever/that which
• yat: Sambandha (Relative/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (Relative pronoun/यद्), Napuṃsakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā/Dvitīyā vibhakti (Nom/Acc/प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• atra: here
• atra: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: Deśa-avyaya (Adverb of place/देश)

• anantaram: next/thereafter
• anantaram: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (Time/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anantara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā/Dvitīyā vibhakti (Nom/Acc/प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); used adverbially = 'next/thereafter'

• kāryam: the thing to be done/duty
• kāryam: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kārya (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √kṛ धातु)
• Form: Kṛtya (Gerundive/कृत्य, -ya), Napuṃsakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (Demonstrative pronoun/तद्), Napuṃsakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• samādhātum: to undertake/settle
• samādhātum: Prayojana (Purpose/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-dhā (धातु)
• Form: Tumun-anta (Infinitive/तुमुन्), 'to arrange/undertake/settle'

• arhatha: you should/you are fit (to do)
• arhatha: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: arh (धातु)
• Form: Loṭ-lakāra (Imperative/लोट्), Parasmaipada, Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd person/मध्यमपुरुष), Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन)

Context

Having thus spoken to Sugriva, Lakshmana, son of Sumitra, slayer of enemies, stood by his brother

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva (implied context)
• Vāli (implied: 'the dead')

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma requires composure and timely action: grief cannot change death, so one must perform the necessary duties (especially prescribed rites) without delay.

What is the narrative situation?

After Vāli has been slain, intense lamentation arises; the speaker urges that the next required actions—funeral preparations and rites—be properly organized.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Practical righteousness and steadiness (dhairya): the ability to move from emotion to duty in accordance with dharma.