Shloka 4

वाली–रामसंवादः

Rama’s Justification to Vali on Rājadharma

Devanagari script

धर्ममर्थं च कामं च समयं चापि लौकिकम्।अविज्ञाय कथं बाल्यान्मामिहाद्य विगर्हसे।।

Transliteration

dharmam arthaṃ ca kāmaṃ ca samayaṃ cāpi laukikam | avijñāya kathaṃ bālyān mām ihādya vigarhase ||

Translation

Không hiểu rõ dharma, artha, kāma, cùng cả những quy ước thường tình của thế gian, cớ sao ngươi vì dại dột trẻ con mà hôm nay lại trách cứ ta nơi đây?

Word by Word

• आर्येण: by the noble
• आर्येण: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; ‘मान्धात्रा’ इति विशेषण

• मम: my
• मम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• मान्धात्रा: by Māndhātṛ
• मान्धात्रा: Karana (करण/Agent-instrument in passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान्धातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• व्यसनम्: calamity, affliction
• व्यसनम्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यसन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• घोरम्: terrible
• घोरम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घोर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘व्यसनम्’ इति विशेषण

• ईप्सितम्: brought about/inflicted
• ईप्सितम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ईप्स् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle) ‘desired/inflicted (as sought)’, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘व्यसनम्’ इति विशेषण

• श्रमणेन: by an ascetic (śramaṇa)
• श्रमणेन: Karana (करण/Agent-instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रमण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• कृते: when (it was) done
• कृते: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative condition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle) ‘done’, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘पापे’ इति विशेषण (locative absolute-like)

• पापे: in (the matter of) sin
• पापे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• यथा: just as
• यथा: Upamana (उपमान/Comparison marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमान/प्रकार-अव्यय (as/just as)

• पापम्: sin
• पापम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• कृतम्: committed
• कृतम्: Kriya-artha (क्रियार्थ/Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle) ‘done/committed’, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; अत्र ‘पापम्’ इति सह कर्मणि-भावः

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Karana (करण/Agent in passive construction)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, तृतीया, एकवचन

Context

'Without correct knowledge of dharma, artha, kama and worldly ways, how do you reproach me bitterly now in total ignorance?

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Vālī
• dharma
• artha
• kāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Ethical judgment requires knowledge of dharma and also of practical social norms; blame without understanding is portrayed as immature and unreliable.

What is the narrative situation?

After Vālī accuses Rāma of wrongdoing for shooting from concealment, Rāma begins a dharma-based rebuttal, challenging Vālī’s competence to judge.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s commitment to reasoned dharma-discourse—insisting that moral critique must be grounded in knowledge rather than anger.