Shloka 29

द्वादशः सर्गः — Rama’s Proof of Power, the First Duel, and the Identification Mark

Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 12

Devanagari script

सुग्रीव श्रूयातां तात क्रोधश्च व्यपनीयताम्।कारणं येन बाणोऽयं न मया स विसर्जितः4.12.29।।

Transliteration

sugrīva śrūyatāṁ tāta krodhaś ca vyapanīyatām |

kāraṇaṁ yena bāṇo ’yaṁ na mayā sa visarjitaḥ || 4.12.29 ||

Translation

Sugrīva, bạn hiền của ta—hãy lắng nghe và gác cơn giận lại. Ta sẽ nói rõ nguyên do vì sao mũi tên này đã không do ta phóng ra.

Word by Word

• सुग्रीव: O Sugriva
• सुग्रीव: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• श्रूयताम्: let (it) be heard; listen
• श्रूयताम्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; आज्ञार्थे/विधिलिङ्गार्थे: ‘let it be heard’ = please listen

• तात: dear one
• तात: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; affectionate address

• क्रोधः: anger
• क्रोधः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; subject of passive imperative ‘vyapanīyatām’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• व्यपनीयताम्: let (it) be removed
• व्यपनीयताम्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + अप + √नी (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग: ‘let it be removed’

• कारणम्: the reason
• कारणम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, एकवचन; object of ‘hear’ (understood) = the reason

• येन: by which
• येन: Hetu (हेतु/Cause marker)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; relative pronoun = by which/whereby

• बाणः: arrow
• बाणः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; subject of passive ‘visarjitaḥ’

• अयम्: this
• अयम्: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; demonstrative qualifying ‘बाणः’ = this

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध

• मया: by me
• मया: Kartr̥ (कर्ता/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया, एकवचन; instrumental agent = by me

• सः: that
• सः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; demonstrative qualifying ‘बाणः’ (resumptive) = that

• विसर्जितः: released
• विसर्जितः: Kriya-samānādhikaraṇa (क्रियासमानाधिकरण/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + √सृज् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; passive predicate = released

Context

'O dear Sugriva! dispel your anger and listen to me why I had not released the arrow.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sugrīva
• arrow (bāṇa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes mastery over anger and commitment to truthful explanation; Rāma asks for calm listening before acting or judging.

What is the narrative situation?

After the first clash, Sugrīva is upset that Vālī was not struck; Rāma begins explaining his restraint.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s composure and accountability—he offers reasons rather than excuses.