Shloka 21

द्वादशः सर्गः — Rama’s Proof of Power, the First Duel, and the Identification Mark

Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 12

Devanagari script

एतस्मिन्नन्तरे भग्नस्सुग्रीवस्तेन वालिना।अपश्यन्राघवं नाथमृश्यमूकं प्रदुद्रुवे4.12.21।।

Transliteration

etasminn antare bhagnaḥ sugrīvas tena vālinā | apaśyan rāghavaṃ nātham ṛśyamūkaṃ pradudruve || 4.12.21 ||

Translation

Trong lúc ấy, bị Vāli đánh bại, Sugrīva—không thấy Rāghava là bậc hộ trì—liền vội vã chạy về núi Ṛśyamūka.

Word by Word

• etasmin: in this
• etasmin: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma; Puṃliṅga/Napuṃsaka, Saptamī vibhakti ekavacana

• antare: in the meantime/interval
• antare: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: antara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Saptamī ekavacana; locative 'in the interval'

• bhagnaḥ: defeated/discomfited
• bhagnaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √bhaj (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta: past passive participle (क्त), Puṃliṅga Prathamā ekavacana; predicate of sugrīvaḥ

• sugrīvaḥ: Sugriva
• sugrīvaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā ekavacana

• tena: by him
• tena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma; Puṃliṅga/Napuṃsaka, Tṛtīyā ekavacana

• vālinā: by Vali
• vālinā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vālin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā ekavacana; agent/instrument

• apaśyan: not seeing/finding
• apaśyan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √paś (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta: present active participle (शतृ), Puṃliṅga Prathamā ekavacana; agrees with sugrīvaḥ; with negation implied by context 'not seeing/finding'

• rāghavam: Rama
• rāghavam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā ekavacana

• nātham: protector/lord
• nātham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nātha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā ekavacana; apposition to rāghavam

• ṛśyamūkam: Rishyamuka (mountain)
• ṛśyamūkam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛśyamūka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka (mountain-name), Dvitīyā ekavacana; destination with motion

• pradudruve: ran away/fled
• pradudruve: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√dru (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ (perfect), prathama-puruṣa, ekavacana; upasarga: pra-

Context

Discomfited by Vali, and not seeing Rama around, Sugriva ran towards Rishyamuka mountain.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Vāli
• Rāma (Rāghava)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Seeking rightful refuge in danger is consistent with dharma; protection and loyalty are tested when a dependent cannot find his promised support.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva loses ground in the fight and, not seeing Rāma nearby, runs toward Ṛśyamūka.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Survival-minded prudence (avoiding futile death) amid unequal combat.