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Shloka 58

दुन्दुभिवधप्रसङ्गः

The Dundubhi Episode and the Proof of Rama’s Prowess

दिवसश्चास्य मर्यादा यं द्रष्टा श्वोऽस्मि वानरम्।बहुवर्षसहस्राणि स वै शैलो भविष्यति4.11.58।।

divasaś cāsya maryādā yaṃ draṣṭā śvo ’smi vānaram | bahuvarṣasahasrāṇi sa vai śailo bhaviṣyati || 4.11.58 ||

“Đối với hắn, giới hạn thời gian đã định chỉ là một ngày. Bất cứ loài khỉ nào mà ngày mai ta còn thấy, kẻ ấy ắt sẽ hóa thành núi trong nhiều ngàn năm.”

tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Kāla (काल/क्रम)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (ततः/क्रमवाचक अव्यय)
tethose
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)
vānarāḥmonkeys
vānarāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvānara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)
śrutvāhaving heard
śrutvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootśru (धातु)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), ‘having heard’
giramspeech/words
giram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootgir (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)
muni-samīritāmuttered by the sage
muni-samīritām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmuni (प्रातिपदिक) + sam-īrita (सम्+ईरित, कृदन्त)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘muninā samīritā’; Kta-participle (क्त), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with giram
niścakramuḥwent out/departed
niścakramuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootnis-kram (धातु)
FormLiṭ-lakāra (लिट्/perfect), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
vanātfrom the forest
vanāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootvana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Ablative (पञ्चमी/5), Singular (एकवचन)
tasmātfrom that
tasmāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसक), Ablative (पञ्चमी/5), Singular (एकवचन)
tānthem
tān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Plural (बहुवचन)
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootdṛś (धातु)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), ‘having seen’
vāliḥVali
vāliḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvālin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
abravītsaid
abravīt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbrū (धातु)
FormLuṅ-lakāra (लुङ्/aorist), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

'I give one day's time for the monkeys (to leave). Whomsoever, I see tomorrow will get transformed into a mountain for many thousands of years'

V
vānarāḥ (monkeys)

FAQs

Dharma here is expressed as maryādā—respecting a clearly stated boundary set by a righteous authority. The verse frames consequences as the moral force that protects sacred space and disciplined life.

A sage declares a strict time-limit: any monkey found after the deadline will be cursed to become a mountain for thousands of years. This establishes why certain regions become forbidden to Vali later.

The sage’s steadfastness in truth and discipline—his word (satya-vākya) is firm, and the rule is not arbitrary but a protective boundary (maryādā).