Valmiki Ramayana 2.52.49: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 52, Shloka 49

गङ्गातरणम्, सुमन्त्र-प्रतिनिवर्तनम्, जटाधारणम्

Crossing the Gaṅgā; Sumantra’s Return; Adoption of Ascetic Signs

Devanagari script

यदि मे याचमानस्य त्यागमेव करिष्यसि।सरथोऽग्निं प्रवेक्ष्यामि त्यक्तमात्र इह त्वया।।2.52.49।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.52.49

Transliteration

yadi me yācamānasya tyāgam eva kariṣyasi | sa-ratho ’gniṃ pravekṣyāmi tyakta-mātra iha tvayā ||

Translation

Nếu khi ta khẩn cầu mà Ngài vẫn chỉ nỡ ruồng bỏ ta, thì ngay lúc bị Ngài bỏ lại nơi đây, ta sẽ cùng cỗ xe bước vào lửa.

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Word by Word

• yadi: if
• yadi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yadi (अव्यय)
• Form: Conditional particle (शर्त-निपात) = ‘if’

• me: of me/my
• me: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Genitive (6th), Singular

• yācamānasya: of (me) requesting
• yācamānasya: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √yāc (धातु)
• Form: Present middle participle (शानच्); Masculine, Genitive (6th), Singular; agrees with me (sense: ‘while I am requesting’)

• tyāgam: abandonment
• tyāgam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tyāga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular

• eva: indeed/only
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle

• kariṣyasi: you will do
• kariṣyasi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Future (लृट्), 2nd Person, Singular; Parasmaipada

• sa-rathaḥ: (I) with the chariot
• sa-rathaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ratha (प्रातिपदिक) + sa- (सह-अर्थक अव्यय)
• Form: Avyayībhāva; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; ‘(I) with the chariot’

• agnim: into the fire
• agnim: Karma (कर्म; गत्यर्थक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: agni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular; goal of motion

• pravekṣyāmi: I will enter
• pravekṣyāmi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√viś (धातु)
• Form: Future (लृट्), 1st Person, Singular; Parasmaipada

• tyakta-mātraḥ: immediately upon being abandoned
• tyakta-mātraḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tyakta (कृदन्त, √tyaj) + mātra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya = ‘just abandoned/only just left’; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; qualifies sa-rathaḥ (aham)

• iha: here
• iha: Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देश-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: Deictic adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय) = ‘here’

• tvayā: by you
• tvayā: Karta (कर्ता; in passive sense with tyakta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Instrumental, Singular

Context

If you forsake me in spite of my request I shall immediately enter fire along with my chariot.

Characters & Entities

• Sumantra
• Rāma
• ratha (chariot)
• agni (fire)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It dramatizes the extremity of loyalty; ethically, it also invites reflection on dharma as steadiness without self-destruction—showing how grief can push devotion into dangerous vows.

What is the narrative situation?

Sumantra threatens self-immolation if Rāma refuses to let him accompany the exile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Unwavering attachment and loyalty, though expressed in a despairing, ethically fraught form.