Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 102, Shloka 46

पितृमरणश्रवणं जलक्रिया च

Hearing of Daśaratha’s death and the libation rites at Mandākinī

Devanagari script

विगर्हमाणः कैकेयीं मन्थरासहितामपि।अभिगम्य जनो रामं बाष्पपूर्णमुखोऽभवत्।।।।

Transliteration

vigarhamāṇaḥ kaikeyīṃ mantharā-sahitām api |

abhigamya jano rāmaṃ bāṣpa-pūrṇa-mukho 'bhavat ||

Translation

Họ quở trách Kaikeyī—cả Mantharā đi cùng nàng—rồi tiến đến gần Rāma; gương mặt ai nấy đều chan đầy lệ.

Word by Word

• विगर्हमाणः: censuring, reproaching
• विगर्हमाणः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विगर्हमाण (कृदन्त; √गर्ह् धातु, वि- उपसर्ग)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त/शानच् (Present middle participle), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग; जनः इति विशेष्य

• कैकेयीम्: Kaikeyi
• कैकेयीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कैकेयी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग

• मन्थरासहिताम्: together with Manthara
• मन्थरासहिताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मन्थरा-सहित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (मन्थरया सहिता), द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन, स्त्रीलिङ्ग; विशेषण (कैकेयीम्)

• अपि: also, even
• अपि: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/अपि-कार (also/even)

• अभिगम्य: having approached
• अभिगम्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभिगम्य (कृदन्त; √गम् धातु, अभि- उपसर्ग)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (Gerund/absolutive), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable); पूर्वक्रिया (having approached)

• जनः: the people
• जनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग (collective)

• रामम्: Rama
• रामम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• बाष्पपूर्णमुखः: with face full of tears
• बाष्पपूर्णमुखः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बाष्प-पूर्ण-मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास (बाष्पेण पूर्णं मुखं यस्य), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग; जनः इति विशेष्य

• अभवत्: became
• अभवत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

Context

All those men with faces full of tears, reproaching Kaikeyi and Manthara (all the way), approached Rama.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Kaikeyī
• Mantharā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The community’s moral judgment is active: adharma is not normalized—people openly censure those seen as causing unrighteous harm, while seeking the dhārmic one (Rāma).

What is the narrative situation?

Citizens approach Rāma in grief, blaming Kaikeyī and Mantharā for the turn of events leading to his exile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral clarity and loyalty: the people identify where they believe injustice lies and align themselves emotionally with righteousness.