Shloka 44

जटायुरावणयुद्धम्

Jatayu’s Combat with Ravana

Devanagari script

तं दृष्ट्वा पतितं भूमौ क्षतजार्द्रं जटायुषम्।।।।अभ्यधावत वैदेही स्वबन्धुमिव दुःखिता।

Transliteration

taṃ dṛṣṭvā patitaṃ bhūmau kṣatajārdraṃ jaṭāyuṣam |

abhyadhāvata vaidehī svabandhum iva duḥkhitā ||

Translation

Thấy Jatāyu ngã trên đất, thân ướt đẫm máu từ vết thương, Vaidehī đau đớn chạy đến bên ngài, như chạy đến người thân ruột thịt của mình.

Word by Word

• तम्: him/that (one)
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन) सर्वनाम

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), ‘having seen’

• पतितम्: fallen
• पतितम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pat (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifies ‘जटायुषम्’

• भूमौ: on the ground
• भूमौ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūmi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular

• क्षतज-आर्द्रम्: drenched with blood
• क्षतज-आर्द्रम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṣataja (प्रातिपदिक) + ārdra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘blood-wet’; Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifies ‘जटायुषम्’

• जटायुषम्: Jatāyu
• जटायुषम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jaṭāyus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular (proper noun)

• अभ्यधावत: ran towards
• अभ्यधावत: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-√dhāv (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada

• वैदेही: Vaidehī (Sītā)
• वैदेही: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaidehī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (proper noun/epithet)

• स्व-बन्धुम्: (her) own kinsman
• स्व-बन्धुम्: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक) + bandhu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) ‘one’s own relative’; Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular

• इव: as if/like
• इव: Sambandha/Upamā (सम्बन्ध/उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात) of comparison

• दुःखिता: grieved
• दुःखिता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkhita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st), Singular; predicate/qualifier of ‘वैदेही’

Context

The mighty, virtuous vulture with his sharp claws wounded many parts of the body of Ravana.

Characters & Entities

• Sītā (Vaidehī)
• Jatāyu

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes gratitude and compassion toward protectors; Sītā responds to sacrifice with immediate care, not indifference.

What is the narrative situation?

Sītā sees the near-dead Jatāyu on the ground and rushes to him, overwhelmed with sorrow.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Karunā (compassion) and kṛtajñatā (thankful recognition) in Sītā.