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Shloka 19

अरण्यकाण्डे एकोनत्रिंशः सर्गः

Sarga 29: Rama’s Admonition to Khara and the Shattering of the Mace

कुलं व्यपदिशन्वीरस्समरे कोऽभिधास्यति।मृत्युकाले हि सम्प्राप्ते स्वयमप्रस्तवे स्तवम्।।।।

kulaṃ vyapadiśan vīraḥ samare ko 'bhidhāsyati | mṛtyukāle hi samprāpte svayam aprastave stavam ||

Khi cái chết thật sự đã đến trong chiến địa, còn vị dũng sĩ nào sẽ xưng kể dòng tộc mình, và tự tán dương vô cớ, chẳng đúng lúc?

kulamfamily, lineage
kulam:
Karma (कर्म) of vyapadiśan/abhidhāsyati
TypeNoun
Rootkula (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapūṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative, 2nd), Ekavacana
vyapadiśanmentioning, naming
vyapadiśan:
Karta (कर्ता) (participle qualifying vīraḥ)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-apa-√diś (धातु)
FormKṛdanta: Śatṛ-pratyaya (present active participle), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nom. 1st), Ekavacana; agreeing with vīraḥ
vīraḥhero
vīraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) of abhidhāsyati
TypeNoun
Rootvīra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nom. 1st), Ekavacana
samarein battle
samare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsamara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī (Loc. 7th), Ekavacana
kaḥwho?
kaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) of abhidhāsyati (rhetorical)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nom. 1st), Ekavacana; interrogative pronoun
abhidhāsyatiwill speak of, will mention
abhidhāsyati:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootabhi-√dhā (धातु)
FormLuṭ-lakāra (Periphrastic Future), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana, Parasmaipada
mṛtyukāleat the time of death
mṛtyukāle:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmṛtyu + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī (Loc. 7th), Ekavacana; ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa ‘time of death’
hiindeed, for
hi:
Sambandha (discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormNipāta (particle) giving emphasis/causal nuance
samprāptewhen (it) has arrived
samprāpte:
Sati-saptamī (सति-सप्तमी) / Adhikaraṇa
TypeVerb
Rootsam-√prāp (धातु)
FormKṛdanta: kta-participle; Puṃliṅga, Saptamī (Loc. 7th), Ekavacana; agreeing with mṛtyukāle (locative absolute sense)
svayamoneself
svayam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsvayam (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (reflexive adverb)
aprastaveat an inopportune time
aprastave:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roota-prastava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī (Loc. 7th), Ekavacana; nañ-tatpuruṣa ‘in an improper occasion’
stavampraise, eulogy
stavam:
Karma (कर्म) of abhidhāsyati
TypeNoun
Rootstava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc. 2nd), Ekavacana

When death comes in a battle no hero will name his race and boast of himself unnessarily.

K
Khara
R
Rama
K
kula (lineage)
M
mṛtyu (death)

FAQs

Facing mortality with seriousness: dharma in battle is action and steadiness, not vanity or self-celebration.

As the duel nears its decisive phase, Khara argues that boasting is absurd when death is imminent.

Gravitas and focus under threat—treating battle and death with disciplined attention.