Shloka 15

अरण्यकाण्डे एकोनत्रिंशः सर्गः

Sarga 29: Rama’s Admonition to Khara and the Shattering of the Mace

Devanagari script

एवमुक्तस्तु रामेण कृद्धस्संरक्तलोचनः।प्रत्युवाच खरो रामं प्रहसन्क्रोधमूर्छितः।।।।

Transliteration

evam uktas tu rāmeṇa kṛddhaḥ saṃraktalocanaḥ | pratyuvāca kharo rāmaṃ prahasan krodhamūrcchitaḥ ||

Translation

Được Rāma nói như vậy, Khara—mắt đỏ ngầu vì giận, tâm trí mờ đi bởi cơn cuồng nộ—cười khẩy rồi đáp lời Ngài.

Word by Word

• evam: thus
• evam: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (thus)

• uktaḥ: addressed
• uktaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject-qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (वच् धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; kharaḥ-समन्वयः ('having been spoken to')

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (contrastive particle)

• rāmeṇa: by Rama
• rāmeṇa: Karana (करण/agent in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• kṛddhaḥ: angry
• kṛddhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; kharaḥ-विशेषणम्

• saṅraktalocanaḥ: red-eyed
• saṅraktalocanaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṅrakta-locana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः ('whose eyes are reddened')

• pratyuvāca: replied
• pratyuvāca: Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prati-vac (वच् धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• kharaḥ: Khara
• kharaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: khara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• rāmam: to Rama
• rāmam: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• prahasan: laughing
• prahasan: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/concomitant action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-has (हस् धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; kharaḥ-विशेषणम्

• krodhamūrchitaḥ: overcome by anger
• krodhamūrchitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: krodha-mūrchita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः तृतीया-तत्पुरुषः (krodhena mūrchitaḥ = 'fainted/overcome with anger')

Context

Challenged by Rama in that manner, Khara, his senses switched off, eyes turned red due to anger, replied laughing :

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Khara

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Uncontrolled anger obscures discernment: the verse portrays rage as a force that disables right judgment, a key obstacle to dharma.

What is the narrative situation?

After Rama’s stern warning, the narrative describes Khara’s emotional state as he prepares to answer and fight.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast, the implied virtue is self-mastery; Khara’s lack of it is highlighted through his rage-driven reaction.