Shloka 7

Kārttika-vrata Discipline: Purity Rules, Morning Bath Saṅkalpa, Tilaka Injunctions, and Food Prohibitions

Devanagari script

उभयोर्दश दातव्या पादयोश्च त्रिभिस्त्रिभिः । मुखशुद्धिं ततः कुर्य्यात्संकल्पं स्नपनस्य च

Transliteration

ubhayordaśa dātavyā pādayośca tribhistribhiḥ | mukhaśuddhiṃ tataḥ kuryyātsaṃkalpaṃ snapanasya ca

Translation

Hãy làm mười lần cho cả hai tay; và cho hai bàn chân thì ba và ba lần. Rồi thanh tịnh miệng, sau đó lập saṅkalpa (lời nguyện) cho nghi thức tắm gội.

Word by Word

• ubhayor: of both
• ubhayor: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ubhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (6th/षष्ठी), Dvivacana (Dual/द्विवचन), Napuṃsaka-liṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग); genitive: "of both"

• daśa: ten
• daśa: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: daśan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Saṅkhyā-vācaka (numeral/संख्यावाचक), Avyaya-prāya (indeclinable-like usage); qualifies an implied noun (e.g., "(aṅgulāni) ten")

• dātavyāḥ: should be given
• dātavyāḥ: Vidhi (विधि/Obligation predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dā (धाातु) + tavya (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Kṛtya (obligative gerundive/कृत्य), tavya-pratyaya; Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन), Prathamā vibhakti (1st/प्रथमा), Strī-liṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग); sense: "to be given/should be given"

• pādayoḥ: on the two feet
• pādayoḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Saptamī vibhakti (7th/सप्तमी), Dvivacana (Dual/द्विवचन), Puṃ-liṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग); locative: "on/at the two feet"

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction/समुच्चय-निपात): "and"

• tribhiḥ: with three (each)
• tribhiḥ: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tṛtīyā vibhakti (3rd/तृतीया), Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन), Puṃ/Napuṃsaka (Masculine/Neuter); instrumental: "with/by three"

• tribhiḥ: with three (again)
• tribhiḥ: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tṛtīyā vibhakti (3rd/तृतीया), Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन), Puṃ/Napuṃsaka; repetition for distributive sense: "three and three"

• mukhaśuddhim: mouth-purification
• mukhaśuddhim: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mukha (प्रातिपदिक) + śuddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvitīyā vibhakti (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन), Strī-liṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग); tatpuruṣa: mukha-śuddhi = "purification of the mouth"

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla (काल/Temporal adjunct)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (adverb/क्रियाविशेषण): "then/thereafter"

• kuryāt: should perform
• kuryāt: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Vidhi-liṅ (Optative/विधिलिङ्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद); "should do"

• saṅkalpam: vow/resolve (saṅkalpa)
• saṅkalpam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṅkalpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvitīyā vibhakti (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन), Puṃ-liṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग)

• snapanasya: of the bath (ritual bathing)
• snapanasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: snapana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (6th/षष्ठी), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन), Napuṃsaka-liṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग); genitive: "of bathing/ablution"

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction/समुच्चय-निपात): "and"

Speaker

Not explicitly identifiable from the single verse (context required from surrounding verses).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: tirtha

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: ubhayor = ubhayoḥ; pādayośca = pādayoḥ + ca; tribhistribhiḥ = tribhiḥ + tribhiḥ; kuryyāt = kuryāt; kuryyātsaṃkalpam = kuryāt + saṅkalpam

FAQs

What ritual sequence is outlined in this verse?

It prescribes a sequence: specific offerings/handfuls given to both (hands/sides) and to the feet (three each), followed by mouth purification, and then the formal saṅkalpa for the bathing rite.

What is the role of saṅkalpa in the snāna (bathing) rite here?

Saṅkalpa is the stated intention that frames the act as a disciplined religious observance; it is performed after preliminary purification (such as cleansing the mouth).

Does this verse teach a broader ethical or spiritual lesson?

Yes: it emphasizes intentionality and purity—external acts (washing/offerings) are to be joined with inner resolve (saṅkalpa) to complete the rite properly.