Shloka 65

Adhyaya 81 — Suratha and Samadhi Seek Sage Medhas; Introduction to Mahamaya and the Madhukaitabha Origin Account

Sanskrit

विष्णुः शरीरग्रहणमहामीशान एव च ।

कारितास्ते यतोऽतस्त्वां कः स्तोतुं शक्तिमान् भवेत् ॥

Transliteration

viṣṇuḥ śarīragrahaṇam ahām īśāna eva ca / kāritās te yato 'tas tvāṃ kaḥ stotuṃ śaktimān bhavet

Translation

Vì ngay cả việc Viṣṇu thọ thân, và cũng như Đại Īśāna, đều do Ngài khiến thành, thì ai có thể đủ khả năng tán dương Ngài?

Word by Word

• viṣṇuḥ: Viṣṇu
• viṣṇuḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viṣṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• śarīra-grahaṇa-mahā-īśānaḥ: the great lord Īśāna who takes a body
• śarīra-grahaṇa-mahā-īśānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śarīra (प्रातिपदिक) + grahaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + īśāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; compound meaning 'the great lord (Īśāna) who assumes a body' (śarīrasya grahaṇam)

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निश्चयार्थक निपात)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• kāritāḥ: were made to act / were impelled
• kāritāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त—कृदन्त) in causative sense (णिच्-भाव implied: 'caused to be done'); Masculine, Nominative, Plural; agrees with 'viṣṇuḥ ... īśānaḥ' as a coordinated subject (understood plural)

• te: by you / of you
• te: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuṣmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Second person pronoun, Genitive (6th—षष्ठी), Singular

• yataḥ: since, because
• yataḥ: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yataḥ (अव्यय/संबन्धबोधक)
• Form: Causal indeclinable (हेतुवाचक अव्यय)

• ataḥ: therefore
• ataḥ: Hetu/Phala (हेतु/फल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Inferential indeclinable (तस्मात्-अर्थक अव्यय)

• tvām: you
• tvām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuṣmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Second person pronoun, Accusative, Singular

• kaḥ: who
• kaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; interrogative

• stotum: to praise
• stotum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: stu (धातु)
• Form: Infinitive (तुमुन्)

• śaktimān: capable, powerful
• śaktimān: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śaktimat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; adjective qualifying 'kaḥ'

• bhavet: could be
• bhavet: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Optative mood (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular

Speakers

• Brahmā (stotra) to Devī

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhakti", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devī
• Viṣṇu
• Īśāna (Śiva)

Shakti Aspects

• Mahāmāyā as the impelling śakti behind embodiment and divine action

Key Themes

• Shaktism
• Divine agency
• Embodiment/incarnation
• Theology of śakti

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

All capacity (śakti) is derivative; the verse teaches dependence on the Divine source rather than pride in role, power, or even divinity.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sarga/Pratisarga: embodiment and function of deities are treated as effects of the primordial power that governs manifestation and re-manifestation.

What is the esoteric significance?

“Śarīragrahaṇa” hints that form itself is a śakti-operation; the Absolute becomes ‘operative’ through power, and power is praised as ultimate.