Shloka 3

Adhyaya 78 — Hymn to Surya and the Distribution of Solar Splendour; Genealogy of Vaivasvata and Chaya’s Line

Sanskrit

ज्ञानैकधामभूताय निर्धूततमसे नमः । शुद्धज्योतिः स्वरूपाय विशुद्धायामलात्मने ॥

Transliteration

jñānaikadhāmabhūtāya nirdhūtatamase namaḥ / śuddhajyotiḥ svarūpāya viśuddhāyāmalātmane

Translation

Kính lễ Ngài, Đấng đã trở thành nơi nương tựa duy nhất của tri thức, đã rũ sạch mọi bóng tối; kính lễ Ngài, mà chính hình thể là ánh sáng thanh tịnh—tuyệt đối thanh khiết, bản thể không tì vết.

Word by Word

• jñāna-eka-dhāma-bhūtāya: to (you who have) become the sole abode of knowledge
• jñāna-eka-dhāma-bhūtāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jñāna (प्रातिपदिक) + eka (प्रातिपदिक) + dhāman (प्रातिपदिक) + bhūta (कृदन्त; भू धातु)
• Form: बहुपद-तत्पुरुष-समास; अन्ते ‘bhūta’ (भू-धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त, past participle) प्रातिपदिकवत्; पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (Dative, 4th), एकवचन

• nirdhūta-tamase: to (you) who have dispelled darkness
• nirdhūta-tamase: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nir- (उपसर्ग) + dhū (धातु) + tamas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्त-समास: ‘nirdhūta’ (धू-धातोः क्त, ‘shaken off/removed’) + tamas; पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (Dative, 4th), एकवचन

• namaḥ: salutation
• namaḥ: Sambodhana/Prayojana (सम्बोधन/Salutation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: namas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नमस्कारार्थे

• śuddha-jyotiḥ: pure light
• śuddha-jyotiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śuddha (प्रातिपदिक) + jyotis (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (‘pure light’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन; समासपूर्वपदत्वेन

• svarūpāya: to (you whose) nature/form
• svarūpāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svarūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (Dative, 4th), एकवचन

• viśuddhāya: to the completely pure one
• viśuddhāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: viśuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (Dative, 4th), एकवचन; विशेषण

• amala-ātmane: to the stainless Self
• amala-ātmane: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: amala (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (‘stainless self’), पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (Dative, 4th), एकवचन

Speakers

• Devas (collective) offering stuti

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Supreme divine principle (light/knowledge)

Shakti Aspects

• Not explicit; language is compatible with Devi as supreme light/knowledge in Devi Mahatmyam theology

Key Themes

• Jnana (knowledge)
• Removal of darkness (tamas)
• Purity
• Light symbolism

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ignorance is framed as darkness, and liberation as clarity and purity. The devotional stance is to seek inner purification—truthfulness, restraint, and right understanding—as participation in divine light.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Most closely aligned with Dharma (right knowledge and purification) and with the Purāṇic function of teaching soteriology through praise; it is not a manvantara/genealogical datum but a theological teaching embedded in narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Pure light’ points to the inner witness-consciousness (prakāśa) beyond guṇas. ‘Darkness dispelled’ can be read as the dissolution of tamasic coverings in meditation and discrimination (viveka).