Shloka 24

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

संज्ञेयमिति मन्वानो द्वितीयायामहस्पतिः ।

जनयामास तनयौ कन्याञ्चैकां मनोरमाम् ॥

Transliteration

saṃjñeyam iti manvāno dvitīyāyām ahaspatiḥ /

janayāmāsa tanayau kanyāñ caikāṃ manoramām

Translation

Ngỡ nàng là Saṃjñā, Ahaspati (Thần Mặt Trời) đã sinh với người vợ thứ hai (tức Chāyā) hai con trai và một người con gái duyên dáng.

Word by Word

• संज्ञेयम्: (as) ‘to be named’
• संज्ञेयम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃjñeya (प्रातिपदिक; √jñā + ya, कृतप्रत्यय)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (Nom/Acc sg); कृत (भाव्य/योग्य) — ‘to be named/known’

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्यसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; इत्यादि-उद्धरण/वाक्यसमाप्तिसूचक (quotative particle)

• मन्वानः: thinking
• मन्वानः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √man (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present active participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘thinking/supposing’

• द्वितीयायाम्: in/with the second (wife)
• द्वितीयायाम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvitīyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन (Loc sg)

• अहस्पतिः: Ahaspati (lord of the day)
• अहस्पतिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ahas-pati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (अह्नः पतिः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nom sg)

• जनयामास: begot / produced
• जनयामास: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jan (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परिप्रास/परफेक्ट), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• तनयौ: two sons
• तनयौ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tanaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया द्विवचन (Acc du)

• कन्याम्: a daughter
• कन्याम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kanyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Acc sg)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• एकाम्: one
• एकाम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: eka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Acc sg); विशेषण

• मनोरमाम्: charming
• मनोरमाम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: manorama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Acc sg); विशेषण

Speakers

• Narrative voice within Mārkaṇḍeya’s telling (frame not explicit in this verse-set)

Primary Deities

• Sūrya (Ahaspati)

Key Themes

• Genealogy
• Household dynamics
• Dharma
• Karma (curse as consequence)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Mistaken identity and concealment in family life produce downstream ethical tensions; lineage narratives often illustrate how private household dharma (fairness to children, restraint in anger) affects cosmic order through the births of major deities/administrators like Yama.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Vaṃśa (genealogies) and Vaṃśānucarita (accounts of dynasties/descendants), rather than Sarga/Pratisarga.

What is the esoteric significance?

Chāyā (‘shadow’) functioning as Saṃjñā (‘true recognition/name’) hints at the metaphysics of appearance vs. essence: actions proceed on perceived identity, yet latent truth later asserts itself through karmic rupture (the curse episode).