Shloka 30

Adhyaya 75 — Slaying of Mahishasura

Sanskrit

महाबलो महावीर्यः प्रियवाग् धर्मवत्सलः ।

दुर्गमो नाम भविता भर्ता ह्यस्य महीपतिः ॥

Transliteration

mahābalo mahāvīryaḥ priyavāg dharmavatsalaḥ |

durgamo nāma bhavitā bhartā hy asya mahīpatiḥ ||

Translation

Người ấy sẽ có sức mạnh lớn và dũng lực lớn, lời nói dịu ngọt và tận tâm với dharma; một vị vua tên Durgama sẽ trở thành phu quân của nàng, bậc chúa tể cõi đất.

Word by Word

• mahābalaḥ: very strong
• mahābalaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā-bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारय: mahā (great) + bala (strength)

• mahāvīryaḥ: of great valor
• mahāvīryaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā-vīrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारय: mahā + vīrya

• priyavāk: sweet-spoken
• priyavāk: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: priya-vāc (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारय: priya (dear) + vāc (speech); stem vāc → nom.sg vāk

• dharmavatsalaḥ: fond of dharma
• dharmavatsalaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharma-vatsala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: dharma (righteousness) + vatsala (fond of)

• durgamaḥ: Durgama (name)
• durgamaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: durgama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); proper name

• nāma: by name
• nāma: Sambandha (निपात/marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात) used in naming/appellation

• bhavitā: will be
• bhavitā: Kriya (क्रिया/ भविष्यत्-भाव)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Periphrastic future agent-noun (लुट्-प्रत्ययान्त/भविता), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); ‘will be’

• bhartā: husband/lord
• bhartā: Karta (कर्ता/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); predicate nominative

• hi: indeed/for
• hi: Sambandha (निपात/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात) giving emphasis/reason

• asya: of him/of this (person)
• asya: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसक), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• mahīpatiḥ: king, lord of the earth
• mahīpatiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahī-pati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: mahī (earth) + pati (lord)

Speakers

• Agni (continuing from prior context) describing the destined husband

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Agni

Key Themes

• Royal dharma
• Ideal kingly virtues
• Marriage alliance (bhartṛ)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Kingship is validated by character: strength and valor are praised only when joined to dharma and restraint in speech.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita (accounts of rulers and their qualities), contributing to dynastic/royal narrative threads.

What is the esoteric significance?

The four traits—bala, vīrya, vāṇī, dharma—encode a balanced sovereignty: power (śakti) must be harmonized with truth/ethics (ṛta/dharma).