Shloka 6

Adhyaya 61 — The Second Manvantara Begins: The Brahmin’s Swift Journey and Varuthini’s Temptation on Himavat

Sanskrit

मृदुस्वभावः सद्वृत्तो वेदवेदाङ्गपारगः ।

सदातिथिप्रियो रात्रावागतानां समाश्रयः ॥

Transliteration

mṛdu-svabhāvaḥ sadvṛtto veda-vedāṅga-pāragaḥ |

sadātithi-priyo rātrāv āgatānāṃ samāśrayaḥ ||

Translation

Ông vốn tính nhu hòa, hạnh kiểm đoan chính, tinh thông các Veda cùng các bộ phụ trợ. Luôn mến khách, ông ban chỗ nương trú cho người đến, dù đến vào ban đêm.

Word by Word

• mṛdu-svabhāvaḥ: gentle-natured
• mṛdu-svabhāvaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛdu (प्रातिपदिक) + svabhāva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) ‘mṛduḥ svabhāvaḥ yasya/saḥ’; Pumān, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective-noun used adjectivally

• sat-vṛttaḥ: of good conduct
• sat-vṛttaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sat (प्रातिपदिक) + vṛtta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya; Pumān, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• veda-vedāṅga-pāragaḥ: versed in the Vedas and Vedāṅgas
• veda-vedāṅga-pāragaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: veda (प्रातिपदिक) + vedāṅga (प्रातिपदिक) + pāraga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (समाहार/षष्ठी-भाव) ‘vedānāṃ vedāṅgānāṃ ca pāragaḥ’; Pumān, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• sat-ātithi-priyaḥ: fond of (welcoming) guests
• sat-ātithi-priyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sat (प्रातिपदिक) + ātithi (प्रातिपदिक) + priya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष) ‘ātithīnām priyaḥ’ with ‘sat’ as qualifier; Pumān, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• rātrau: at night
• rātrau: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rātri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana (locative)

• āgatānām: of those who arrived
• āgatānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: āgata (कृदन्त; √gam गत्यर्थे with ā-)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त) used adjectivally; Pumān, Ṣaṣṭhī, Bahuvacana; ‘of those who had come’

• samāśrayaḥ: a refuge/shelter
• samāśrayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samāśraya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pumān, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate noun

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya narrating to Krauṣṭuki

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Hospitality (ātithi-dharma)
• Vedic learning

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ātithi-dharma is highlighted: receiving guests—even at inconvenient times—is a hallmark of righteousness. Learning (śruti/vedāṅga) is paired with conduct, implying knowledge without virtue is incomplete.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Though embedded in 'Manvantara' narration, this verse expresses dharma-teaching typical of Purāṇic 'vaṃśānucarita' episodes where exemplary lives illustrate norms.

What is the esoteric significance?

Hospitality symbolizes openness of the heart-mind: welcoming the 'unexpected guest' mirrors welcoming truth when it arrives outside one’s planned routine.