Shloka 50

Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

Sanskrit

शकटारूढभाण्डैश्च गोपालैर्विपणं विना ।

गोस्मूहैस्तथा घोषो यत्रेच्छाभूमिकेतनः ॥

Transliteration

śakaṭārūḍhabhāṇḍaiś ca gopālair vipaṇaṃ vinā / gosamūhais tathā ghoṣo yatreच्छābhūmiketanaḥ

Translation

Nơi các mục đồng, với hàng hóa chất trên xe, cùng đàn bò cư trú—nhưng không có chợ búa—thì nơi ấy gọi là “ghoṣa”, một trại mục súc, chỗ ở tạm trên bất cứ mảnh đất nào thuận tiện.

Word by Word

• शकट-आरूढ-भाण्डैः: with goods loaded on carts
• शकट-आरूढ-भाण्डैः: Sahakāri (सहकारी/instrumental accompaniment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śakaṭa (प्रातिपदिक) + ārūḍha (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) + bhāṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुवचन, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), नपुंसकलिङ्ग; 'with goods loaded on carts'

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• गोपालैः: with cowherds
• गोपालैः: Sahakāri (सहकारी/with)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gopāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुवचन, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), पुंलिङ्ग

• विपणम्: a market
• विपणम्: Karma (कर्म; with vinā: 'without X')
• Type: Noun
• Root: vipaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: एकवचन, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), नपुंसकलिङ्ग

• विना: without
• विना: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/without-relation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vinā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; 'without'

• गो-समूहैः: with herds of cattle
• गो-समूहैः: Sahakāri (सहकारी/with)
• Type: Noun
• Root: go (प्रातिपदिक) + samūha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुवचन, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), पुंलिङ्ग; 'with herds of cows'

• तथा: also, likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/also)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• घोषः: a cowherd-settlement, cattle-station
• घोषः: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ghoṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: एकवचन, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), पुंलिङ्ग

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative sense)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सम्बन्धबोधक (relative adverb: 'where')

• इच्छा-भूमि-केतनः: having habitation on land at will
• इच्छा-भूमि-केतनः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of घोषः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: icchā (प्रातिपदिक) + bhūmi (प्रातिपदिक) + ketana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: एकवचन, प्रथमा, पुंलिङ्ग; विशेषण; 'dwelling on land as desired/at will'

Speakers

• Narratorial description

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Pastoral economy
• Human geography
• Non-urban livelihood

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Economic form shapes settlement form: pastoral mobility (icchā-bhūmi-ketana) contrasts with agrarian rootedness (kṣetra), showing diverse legitimate livelihoods within dharma.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary descriptive passage supporting the lived world (loka) in which sarga/pratisarga unfold; not a direct pancalakṣaṇa unit.

What is the esoteric significance?

The cowherd camp symbolizes a life oriented to ‘go’ (vitality, nourishment) and movement—an inner mode of adaptability rather than fixed accumulation.