Shloka 16

Adhyaya 46 — Cosmic Dissolution, the Emergence of Brahma, and the Measures of Time (Yugas, Manvantaras, and Brahma’s Day)

Sanskrit

यथा प्राग्व्यापकः क्षेत्री पालको लावकस्तथा ।

यथा स सञ्ज्ञामायाति ब्रह्मविष्ण्वीशकारिणीम् ॥

Transliteration

yathā prāgvyāpakaḥ kṣetrī pālako lāvakastathā | yathā sa saṃjñām āyāti brahmaviṣṇvīśakāriṇīm ||

Translation

Cũng như “kẻ biết ruộng” (kṣetrin) vốn xưa nay thấm khắp, và cũng vậy là đấng hộ trì cùng đấng tiêu dung—do đó Ngài mang danh xưng thực hiện các vai trò của Brahmā, Viṣṇu và Īśa.

Word by Word

• यथा: as/just as
• यथा: सम्बन्ध (Comparative connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (comparative/conjunctive adverb: as/just as)

• प्राक्: before/formerly
• प्राक्: कालाधिकरण (Temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्राक् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb: formerly/before)

• व्यापकः: pervading
• व्यापकः: कर्ता (Karta/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्यापक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण

• क्षेत्री: field-owner/knower of the field
• क्षेत्री: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षेत्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; -ईकारान्त

• पालकः: protector
• पालकः: कर्ता (Karta/Apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पालक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तृवाचक-नाम

• लावकः: cutter/reaper (one who cuts)
• लावकः: कर्ता (Karta/Apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लावक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तृवाचक-नाम

• तथा: so/thus
• तथा: सम्बन्ध (Correlative connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (correlative adverb: so/thus)

• यथा: as
• यथा: सम्बन्ध (Comparative connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (as/just as)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• सञ्ज्ञाम्: designation/name
• सञ्ज्ञाम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सञ्ज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• आयाति: comes to/attains
• आयाति: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + या (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• ब्रह्मविष्ण्वीशकारिणीम्: (a designation) ‘acting as Brahmā, Viṣṇu, and Īśa’
• ब्रह्मविष्ण्वीशकारिणीम्: कर्म (Karma/Object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ब्रह्मन् + विष्णु + ईश + कारिणी (प्रातिपदिक-समूह)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष (brahma-viṣṇu-īśa-kāriṇī: making/acting as Brahmā, Viṣṇu, and Īśa)

Speakers

• Not specified in input.

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Brahmā
• Viṣṇu
• Īśa (Rudra/Śiva)

Key Themes

• Role-based manifestation
• Kṣetra–kṣetrajña style terminology
• Divine names and functions

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Names like Brahmā, Viṣṇu, and Īśa indicate functions rather than separate ultimate principles; this encourages theological unity while acknowledging diverse modes of worship.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga/Sthiti/Pratisarga are summarized via functional titles (creator–protector–dissolver), serving as a doctrinal bridge across the creation cycle.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘kṣetrin’ language points inward: the same consciousness appears as projection, maintenance, and withdrawal of experience—mirroring waking, continuity, and deep rest.