Shloka 27

Adhyaya 39 — Yoga Discipline: Posture, Breath Control, Sense Withdrawal, and Signs of Attainment

Sanskrit

इति श्रीमार्कण्डेयपुराणे पितापुत्रसंवादे प्रश्नाध्यायो नामाष्टत्रिंशोऽध्यायः । युञ्जतश्च सदा योगं यादृग्विहितमासनम् ॥

Transliteration

iti śrīmārkaṇḍeyapurāṇe pitāputrasaṃvāde praśnādhyāyo nāmāṣṭatriṃśo 'dhyāyaḥ | yuñjataś ca sadā yogaṃ yādṛg vihitam āsanam ||

Translation

Như vậy, trong Śrī Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa, trong cuộc đối thoại giữa cha và con, chương gọi là “Chương về các câu hỏi” (lời kết) được kết thúc. Nay: đối với người luôn chuyên cần hành yoga, nên thọ nhận tư thế (āsana) được quy định như thế nào?

Word by Word

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), quotative particle (इति-प्रयोगः)

• śrī-mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇe: in the Śrī Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa
• śrī-mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrī + mārkaṇḍeya + purāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (mārkaṇḍeyasya purāṇam) with honorific śrī- (उपपद/पूर्वपद)

• pitā-putra-saṃvāde: in the dialogue of father and son
• pitā-putra-saṃvāde: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ + putra + saṃvāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (pitṛ-putrayor saṃvādaḥ)

• praśna-adhyāyaḥ: the chapter on questions
• praśna-adhyāyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: praśna + adhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (praśnānāṃ adhyāyaḥ / praśna-viṣayakaḥ adhyāyaḥ)

• nāma: named
• nāma: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/appositive marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; indeclinable used as ‘called/named’ (नाम-शब्दः)

• aṣṭa-triṃśaḥ: thirty-eighth
• aṣṭa-triṃśaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aṣṭa + triṃśat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; संख्यावाचक-द्विगु-समासः (aṣṭa + triṃśat = 38) used adjectivally

• adhyāyaḥ: chapter
• adhyāyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject; apposition to praśnādhyāyaḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• yuñjataḥ: of one who practices
• yuñjataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
• Type: Verb
• Root: yuj (युज् धातु)
• Form: Śatṛ-pratyaya present active participle (वर्तमानकाले शतृ), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; masculine/neuter gen. sg. form; ‘of one who is practicing/engaging’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunctive)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)

• sadā: always
• sadā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (कालवाचक)

• yogam: yoga
• yogam: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• yādṛk: such as / of the kind
• yādṛk: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yādṛś (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम-विशेषण)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; interrogative/relative adjective ‘of what kind’ used correlatively

• vihitam: prescribed
• vihitam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi + dhā (धा धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/कर्मणि), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular; ‘prescribed/ordained’

• āsanam: posture/seat
• āsanam: Karma (कर्म/object; implied with instruction)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āsana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular

Speakers

• Father–son dialogue (specific names not provided in the input)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Dharma (discipline)
• Meditation preparation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Yoga is presented as a regulated discipline: the practitioner is not left to improvisation but is directed to follow ‘vihita’ (enjoined) methods, beginning with the correct bodily foundation (āsana).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This passage is primarily didactic (ācāra/yoga-upadeśa) rather than a core pañcalakṣaṇa element (sarga, pratisarga, vaṃśa, manvantara, vaṃśānucarita). It belongs to the Purāṇic instruction layer often embedded within dialogues.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘āsana’ is the outer stabilizing form that supports inner steadiness; the text signals a transition from narrative framing (colophon) into practical yogic method, implying that right inquiry culminates in disciplined practice.