Shloka 92

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

यथाविभवतः पुत्र ! द्विजान् संवत्सरोषितान् ।

अर्चयेन मधुपर्केण यथाकालमतन्द्रितः ॥

Transliteration

yathāvibhavataḥ putra! dvijān saṃvatsaroṣitān |

arcayen madhuparkeṇa yathākālam atandritaḥ ||

Translation

Hỡi con, tùy theo khả năng của mình, hãy kính đãi các vị khách dvija (bậc ‘hai lần sinh’) đã lưu trú trọn một năm bằng lễ vật madhuparka, đúng thời và không được lơ là.

Word by Word

• yathā-vibhavataḥ: according to (one’s) means
• yathā-vibhavataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय) + vibhava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समासः; अर्थः—यथाशक्ति/यथासामर्थ्यम् (according to one’s means)

• putra: O son
• putra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (vocative), एकवचन

• dvijān: Brahmins (twice-born)
• dvijān: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), बहुवचन

• saṃvatsara-uṣitān: who have stayed for a year
• saṃvatsara-uṣitān: Karma (कर्म/object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃvatsara (प्रातिपदिक) + uṣita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √vas (वस्) + उत्? actually √vas (वस्) + क्त/क्तवत् sense; uṣita = dwelt)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), बहुवचन; विशेषण-प्रयोगः; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (संवत्सरं उषिताः = having stayed for a year)

• arcayet: should honor/worship
• arcayet: Karta (कर्ता/implicit ‘one should’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √arc (अर्च्)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचन

• madhu-parkeṇa: with madhuparka offering
• madhu-parkeṇa: Karana (करण/instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madhu (प्रातिपदिक) + parka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (मधुपर्कः = honey-mixture offering)

• yathā-kālam: at the proper time
• yathā-kālam: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समासः; कालवाचक-अव्यय (at the proper time)

• atandritaḥ: untiringly, without negligence
• atandritaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/agent qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a- (नञ्) + tandrita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √tandr (तन्द्र्) + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण-प्रयोगः (कर्तृविशेषण); नञ्-तत्पुरुषः (अतन्द्रित = not lazy/untiring)

Speakers

• Unspecified in input (didactic instruction; addresses ‘putra’)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Atithi reception
• Madhuparka
• Householder obligations

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is calibrated: honor is mandatory, but scaled to means. The insistence on proper timing and attentiveness highlights that sincerity and discipline, not extravagance, validate the rite.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra (ritual-social duty) material, not pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Madhuparka symbolizes ‘sweetening’ the relationship between knowledge (dvija) and worldly life (gṛhastha), harmonizing spiritual merit with material responsibility through attentive action.