Shloka 90

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

कुर्वीत साधुभिर्मैत्रीं सदाचारावलम्बिभिः ।

प्राज्ञैरपिशुनैः शक्तैः कर्मण्युद्योगभागिभिः ॥

Transliteration

kurvīta sādhubhir maitrīṃ sadācārāvalambibhiḥ |

prājñair apiśunaiḥ śaktaiḥ karmaṇy udyogabhāgibhiḥ ||

Translation

Nên vun bồi tình bằng hữu với người thiện—những người chuyên tâm nơi hạnh kiểm đúng đắn—có trí tuệ, không nói xấu, có năng lực, và cùng chia sẻ sự siêng năng cùng tinh thần dấn thân trong công việc.

Word by Word

• kurvīta: should cultivate/do
• kurvīta: Karta (कर्ता/implicit ‘one should’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (कृ)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), आत्मनेपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचन

• sādhubhiḥ: with the good/virtuous
• sādhubhiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारी/Instrumental association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sādhu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन

• maitrīm: friendship
• maitrīm: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: maitrī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन

• sad-ācāra-avalambibhiḥ: with those who adhere to good conduct
• sad-ācāra-avalambibhiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारी/Instrumental association)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sat (प्रातिपदिक) + ācāra (प्रातिपदिक) + avalambin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन; विशेषण-प्रयोगः; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (सदाचारम् अवलम्बन्ते ये)

• prājñaiḥ: with the wise
• prājñaiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारी/Instrumental association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prājña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन

• apiśunaiḥ: with the non-slanderous
• apiśunaiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारी/Instrumental association)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a- (नञ्) + piśuna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन; विशेषण-प्रयोगः; समासः—नञ्-तत्पुरुषः (अपिशुन = not slanderous)

• śaktaiḥ: with the capable
• śaktaiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारी/Instrumental association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śakta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √śak (शक्) + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (capable/able)

• karmaṇi: in work
• karmaṇi: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• udyoga-bhāgibhiḥ: with those who share in enterprise/effort
• udyoga-bhāgibhiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारी/Instrumental association)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: udyoga (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāgin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन; विशेषण-प्रयोगः; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (उद्योगस्य भागिनः = sharing in effort/enterprising)

Speakers

• Unspecified in input (didactic instruction)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Satsaṅga
• Nīti (practical wisdom)
• Ethical friendship

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Positive association is not merely ‘piety’ but functional: wisdom, discretion, non-malicious speech, competence, and industriousness create a stable moral ecology for household life and society.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/nīti instruction; supportive ethical material, outside the five lakṣaṇas.

What is the esoteric significance?

Satsaṅga is an inner discipline: aligning with ‘sādhus’ symbolizes aligning the self with sattvic qualities—truthful conduct, clear discernment, harmless speech, and energetic right action.