Shloka 72

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

अविद्यमाने पूर्वोक्ते उत्तरप्राप्तिरिष्यते ।

न कुर्याद् दन्तसङ्घर्षं नात्मनो देहताडनम् ॥

Transliteration

avidyamāne pūrvokte uttaraprāptir iṣyate | na kuryād dantasaṅgharṣaṃ nātmano dehatāḍanam ||

Translation

Khi việc đã nêu trước không có điều kiện thực hiện, thì nương theo việc kế tiếp được chấp thuận. Không nên nghiến răng, cũng không nên tự đánh vào thân mình.

Word by Word

• avidyamāne: when (it is) not available
• avidyamāne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-vidyamāna (कृदन्त, √vid)
• Form: Present participle (शतृ/शानच्) with negation a-; Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); Neuter/Masculine context-dependent; here locative absolute sense 'when not existing'

• pūrva-ukte: in the previously stated (procedure)
• pūrva-ukte: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pūrva (प्रातिपदिक) + ukta (कृदन्त, √vac)
• Form: Compound (समास) tatpuruṣa; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• uttara-prāptiḥ: the obtaining/adoption of the next (option)
• uttara-prāptiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: uttara (प्रातिपदिक) + prāpti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Compound (समास) tatpuruṣa; Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• iṣyate: is accepted/allowed
• iṣyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √iṣ (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); passive-like sense 'is accepted/allowed'

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; negation particle (निषेध)

• kuryāt: should do
• kuryāt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• danta-saṅgharṣam: grinding of the teeth
• danta-saṅgharṣam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: danta (प्रातिपदिक) + saṅgharṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Compound (समास) tatpuruṣa; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• na: nor/not
• na: Pratiṣedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; negation particle (निषेध)

• ātmanaḥ: of oneself
• ātmanaḥ: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• deha-tāḍanam: beating of the body
• deha-tāḍanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deha (प्रातिपदिक) + tāḍana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Compound (समास) tatpuruṣa; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• General ācāra instruction (speaker not specified in provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Ritual decorum
• Non-violence toward self
• Substitution rules

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Purity rules are paired with restraint: dharma discourages agitated, harsh bodily expressions (teeth-grinding, self-striking) that reflect inner disturbance and violate dignified conduct.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/niyama instruction—supplementary ethical-ritual content outside pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The prohibitions curb tamasic/rajasic discharge; ritual life is framed as cultivation of sattva—calm embodiment rather than reactive gestures.