Shloka 61

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

भुञ्जीत पुरुषः स्नातः सायं प्रातर्यथाविधि ।

परदाराः न गन्तव्याः पुरुषेण विपश्चिता ॥

Transliteration

bhuñjīta puruṣaḥ snātaḥ sāyaṃ prātaryathāvidhi | paradārā na gantavyāḥ puruṣeṇa vipaścitā ||

Translation

Người nam nên ăn sau khi tắm rửa, vào buổi sáng và buổi chiều tối, theo đúng phép tắc đã định. Người trí không được đến gần vợ của người khác.

Word by Word

• bhuñjīta: should eat
• bhuñjīta: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhuj (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative/विधिलिङ्), आत्मनेपद (ātmanepada), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular)

• puruṣaḥ: a man
• puruṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन (singular)

• snātaḥ: after bathing
• snātaḥ: Kriyā-sahakārī (क्रियासहकारी/Condition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: snāta (कृदन्त; √snā (धातु) ‘to bathe’)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन (singular); भूतकृदन्त: ‘having bathed’

• sāyam: in the evening
• sāyam: Kāla (काल/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sāyam (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal adverb)

• prātaḥ: in the morning
• prātaḥ: Kāla (काल/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: prātaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal adverb)

• yathā-vidhi: according to the prescribed rule
• yathā-vidhi: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय) + vidhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव समास; क्रियाविशेषण: ‘according to rule’

• para-dārāḥ: other men’s wives
• para-dārāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject of passive obligation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक) + dāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (plural); तत्पुरुष: ‘another’s wives’

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)

• gantavyāḥ: to be approached/visited
• gantavyāḥ: Vidhi (विधेय/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gantavya (कृदन्त; √gam (धातु) ‘to go’)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (plural); तव्यत्-प्रत्यय (gerundive): ‘to be gone to/approached’ (here: must not be approached)

• puruṣeṇa: by a man
• puruṣeṇa: Karta (कर्ता/Agent in passive/Instrumental agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन (singular)

• vipaścitā: wise/discerning
• vipaścitā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vipaścit (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन (singular); विशेषण of puruṣeṇa

Speakers

• Unspecified in input (instructional voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Gṛhastha duties
• Sexual ethics
• Śauca
• Self-control

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Outer cleanliness (bathing) and inner restraint (sexual discipline) are paired as foundations of household dharma; wisdom is defined by control over appetite and desire.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/ācāra material ancillary to the Purāṇic core; not a pañcalakṣaṇa segment.

What is the esoteric significance?

The two ‘fires’—digestive fire and sexual impulse—are to be governed; disciplined conduct preserves ojas and steadies mind and life-force.