Shloka 22

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

ग्रामावसथतीर्थानां क्षेत्राणाञ्चैव वर्त्मनि ।

विण्मूत्रं नानुतिष्ठेत न कृष्टे न च गोव्रजे ॥

Transliteration

grāmāvasathatīrthānāṃ kṣetrāṇāñcaiva vartmani |

viṇmūtraṃ nānutiṣṭheta na kṛṣṭe na ca govraje ||

Translation

Không nên đại tiện hay tiểu tiện trên các lối đi của làng xóm, nơi cư trú, chỗ tắm gội linh thiêng, hay ruộng đồng—cũng không nên trên đất đã cày, và không nên trong chuồng bò/chuồng gia súc.

Word by Word

• grāma-avasatha-tīrthānām: of villages, shelters, and sacred places
• grāma-avasatha-tīrthānām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: grāma (प्रातिपदिक) + avasatha (प्रातिपदिक) + tīrtha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Bahuvacana; dvandva: 'of villages, rest-houses, and sacred fords'

• kṣetrāṇām: of fields
• kṣetrāṇām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṣetra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Bahuvacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• eva: indeed; also
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa-nipāta

• vartmani: on the path/road
• vartmani: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vartman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Saptamī (7th), Ekavacana

• viṇ-mūtram: feces/urine
• viṇ-mūtram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viṇ (प्रातिपदिक) + mūtra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; samāhāra-dvandva: 'feces and urine' collectively

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-particle

• anutiṣṭheta: should do/perform (i.e., relieve oneself)
• anutiṣṭheta: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu-√sthā (धातु)
• Form: Vidhi-liṅ (optative), Prathama puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; ātmanepada

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-particle

• kṛṣṭe: in a ploughed field
• kṛṣṭe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक; √kṛṣ 'to plough' + kta)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Saptamī (7th), Ekavacana; past participle used substantively: 'in a ploughed (field)'

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-particle

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• go-vraje: in a cowshed/cow-pen
• go-vraje: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: go (प्रातिपदिक) + vraja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī (7th), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: 'in a cow-pen/cowherd settlement'

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt; purity law instruction

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śauca
• Public hygiene
• Respect for sacred spaces

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Personal acts must not harm communal life or desecrate sacred/agricultural spaces; dharma includes environmental and social responsibility.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra-dharma; not pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Purity rules externalize an inner principle: do not ‘pollute’ places of sustenance (fields), sanctity (tīrthas), or communal movement (roads).