Shloka 2

Adhyaya 34 — Duties of Women

Sanskrit

भूतानि भृत्याः सकलाः पशुपक्षिपिपीलिकाः । भिक्षवो याचमानाश्च ये चान्ये वसता गृहे ॥

Transliteration

bhūtāni bhṛtyāḥ sakalāḥ paśupakṣipipīlikāḥ | bhikṣavo yācamānāś ca ye cānye vasatā gṛhe ||

Translation

(Người gia chủ nên chăm lo) mọi loài hữu tình và mọi người lệ thuộc/kẻ phục dịch—thú vật, chim chóc, cho đến cả loài kiến—cũng như các du tăng khất thực, và bất cứ ai khác đang cư trú trong nhà.

Word by Word

• bhūtāni: creatures/beings
• bhūtāni: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st), Bahuvacana (plural)

• bhṛtyāḥ: servants
• bhṛtyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhṛtya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st), Bahuvacana

• sakalāḥ: all
• sakalāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sakala (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st), Bahuvacana; used distributively with bhṛtyāḥ (and/or as general qualifier)

• paśu-pakṣi-pipīlikāḥ: animals, birds, and ants
• paśu-pakṣi-pipīlikāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paśu + pakṣi + pipīlikā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st), Bahuvacana; dvandva list: animals, birds, and ants

• bhikṣavaḥ: beggars/monks
• bhikṣavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhikṣu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st), Bahuvacana

• yācamānāḥ: begging
• yācamānāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yāc (धातु)
• Form: Vartamāna-kṛdanta (present middle participle/शानच्), Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti, Bahuvacana; ‘begging’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction)

• ye: who
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st), Bahuvacana; relative pronoun

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta (conjunction)

• anye: others
• anye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (1st), Bahuvacana

• vasataḥ: of one residing
• vasataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vas (धातु)
• Form: Vartamāna-kṛdanta (present active participle/शतृ), Puṃliṅga (m.), Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (6th/षष्ठी), Ekavacana; genitive singular ‘of (one) dwelling’ (qualifies gṛhe: ‘in the house of one dwelling’)

• gṛhe: in the house
• gṛhe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gṛha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), Saptamī vibhakti (7th/सप्तमी), Ekavacana

Speakers

• Madālasa → Alarka

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Gṛhastha-dharma
• Ahimsa / compassion
• Dāna (almsgiving)
• Care for dependents and animals

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma extends beyond humans: the righteous home is a sheltering ecosystem—servants, animals, and even the smallest creatures are included in the householder’s circle of responsibility.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ethical/ācāra instruction; outside the direct pancalakṣaṇa framework.

What is the esoteric significance?

The home is treated as a microcosm of the world: sustaining ‘all beings’ ritually and practically mirrors cosmic sustenance (dharma as dhāraṇa—what upholds).