Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 34, Shloka 107

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

एवमेभिः सदा तीर्थैर्देवानां पितृभिः सह । सदा कार्याणि कुर्वोत नान्यतीर्थेन कर्हिचित् ॥

Transliteration

evamebhiḥ sadā tīrthairdevānāṃ pitṛbhiḥ saha | sadā kāryāṇi kurvota nānyatīrthena karhicit ||

Translation

Vì thế, luôn luôn với các tīrtha đã được chỉ định này, đối với chư thiên và cùng với các Pitṛ, người ta phải thường xuyên cử hành nghi lễ—không bao giờ, vào bất cứ lúc nào, dùng một tīrtha khác.

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (thus/in this manner)

• एभिः: with these
• एभिः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), बहुवचन; ‘with these’

• सदा: always
• सदा: Kālādvaya/Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (काल/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (always)

• तीर्थैः: with the tīrthas
• तीर्थैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तीर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), बहुवचन

• देवानाम्: of the gods
• देवानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन

• पितृभिः: with the ancestors
• पितृभिः: Sahakāraka (सह/साकं)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), बहुवचन

• सह: together with
• सह: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सहार्थक (with), तृतीयायोग्य

• सदा: always
• सदा: Kālādvaya/Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (काल/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (always)

• कार्याणि: things to be done/rites
• कार्याणि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), बहुवचन

• कुर्वीत: should perform
• कुर्वीत: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; पाठभेद: ‘कुर्वोत’ इति दृश्यते (अशुद्ध/प्राकृत-रूप), अपेक्षितं ‘कुर्वीत्’

• न: not
• न: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation)

• अन्य-तीर्थेन: with any other tīrtha
• अन्य-तीर्थेन: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक) + तीर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन; अन्यं तीर्थं येन (by another tīrtha)

• कर्हिचित्: ever/at any time
• कर्हिचित्: Kālādvaya/Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (काल/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कर्हिचित् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (ever/at any time)

Speakers

• Not specified in the provided excerpt (instructional narrative voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devas (collective)
• Pitṛs (ancestors)

Key Themes

• Ritual orthopraxy
• Dharma
• Continuity of tradition
• Pitṛ and Deva rites

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse insists on consistency and fidelity: sacred action is safeguarded by precise forms, preventing casual improvisation where the rite’s intent and recipient-differentiation could be confused.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/Dharma instruction; not pañcalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Exclusive tīrtha usage preserves distinct ‘currents’ of offering—deva and pitṛ channels remain unmixed. Symbolically, it maintains clarity between ascent (deva-oriented) and ancestral continuity (pitṛ-oriented) in the practitioner’s subtle economy.