Shloka 7

Adhyaya 33 — Madālasa on the Fruit of Śrāddha Performed on Lunar Days and Nakṣatras

Sanskrit

तेन कार्यं चतुर्दश्यां तेषां प्रीतिमभीप्सता ।

श्राद्धं कुर्वन्नमावास्यां यत्नेन पुरुषः शुचिः ॥

Transliteration

tena kāryaṃ caturdaśyāṃ teṣāṃ prītim abhīpsatā | śrāddhaṃ kurvann amāvāsyāṃ yatnena puruṣaḥ śuciḥ ||

Translation

Vì vậy, mong cho các vị ấy được thỏa mãn, người thanh tịnh nên siêng năng làm lễ śrāddha cho họ vào ngày trăng thứ mười bốn (caturdaśī), và cũng làm śrāddha vào ngày không trăng (amāvāsyā).

Word by Word

• tena: therefore/by that
• tena: Hetu/Karaṇa (हेतु/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd), एकवचन; हेतु/साधनार्थ (by that/therefore)

• kāryam: (it) should be done
• kāryam: Pratijñā/Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विधेय (what should be done)

• caturdaśyām: on the fourteenth (lunar day)
• caturdaśyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: caturdaśī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; काल-अधिकरण

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; सम्बन्ध (of them)

• prītim: satisfaction, pleasure
• prītim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prīti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्म (desired object)

• abhīpsatā: by one who desires
• abhīpsatā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-√āp/√īps (धातु) + śatṛ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; कर्तरि: ‘by one desiring’

• śrāddham: śrāddha rite
• śrāddham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrāddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्म

• kurvan: performing
• kurvan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु) + śatṛ (कृदन्त)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तरि: ‘doing’

• amāvāsyāyām: on the new-moon day
• amāvāsyāyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: amāvāsyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; काल-अधिकरण

• yatnena: with effort, carefully
• yatnena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yatna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; करण (means/manner)

• puruṣaḥ: a man
• puruṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्ता

• śuciḥ: pure, clean
• śuciḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śuci (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifies ‘puruṣaḥ’)

Speakers

• Dharma-instructional narrator within the Purāṇic dialogue framework (not Devi Māhātmya); specific speaker not explicit in the provided excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (Ancestors)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śrāddha timing (tithi)
• Ritual purity (śauca)
• Pitṛ-prīti

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is portrayed as attentive care: purity (śauca) and diligence (yatna) are as important as the act itself, especially when performing rites for those with difficult deaths.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/dharma instruction; not a pancalakṣaṇa narrative unit like vaṃśa or manvantara.

What is the esoteric significance?

Amāvāsyā is a classic Pitṛ-focused liminal point; pairing it with Caturdaśī suggests reinforcing the transition at two adjacent thresholds, intensifying ‘contact’ with the ancestral plane.