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Shloka 9

Adhyaya 28Alarka Inquires into Varna and Ashrama Dharma; Madalasa Defines the Fourfold Duties

स्ववर्णधर्मात् संसिद्धिं नरः प्राप्नोति न च्युतः ।

प्रयाति नरकं प्रेत्य प्रतिषिद्धनिषेवणात् ॥

svavarṇadharmāt saṃsiddhiṃ naraḥ prāpnoti na cyutaḥ | prayāti narakaṃ pretya pratiṣiddhaniṣevaṇāt ||

Nhờ giữ đúng pháp của varṇa (giai cấp) của mình, người ấy đạt sự viên mãn và không bị sa sút. Nhưng nếu buông theo điều bị cấm, thì sau khi chết sẽ rơi vào địa ngục.

sva-varṇa-dharmātfrom one’s own varna-duty
sva-varṇa-dharmāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootsva (प्रातिपदिक) + varṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष-समास (बहुपद): ‘from one’s own class-duty’
saṃsiddhimsuccess; perfection
saṃsiddhim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃsiddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
naraḥa man
naraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
prāpnotiattains
prāpnoti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra+āp (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध-निपात)
cyutaḥfallen; deviated
cyutaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcyu (धातु) → cyuta (कृदन्त)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/PPP) used adjectivally; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
prayātigoes; proceeds
prayāti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra+yā (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
narakamto hell
narakam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootnaraka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
pretyaafter death; having died
pretya:
Kāla (काल/पूर्वक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpra+i (धातु) → pretya (कृदन्त)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्/क्त्वान्त), indeclinable (अव्ययभाव)
pratiṣiddha-niṣevaṇātfrom indulging in forbidden acts
pratiṣiddha-niṣevaṇāt:
Hetu (हेतु/कारण)
TypeNoun
Rootpratiṣiddha (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + niṣevaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘from the practice of what is forbidden’
Not specified in the provided excerpt (Ācāra instruction within Markandeya Purāṇa’s discourse context)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhaya", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaKarmic consequenceEthical prohibitionAfterlife (naraka)

FAQs

Ethics are tied to accountability: stability and success arise from disciplined adherence to rightful duty, while knowingly crossing prohibitions is framed as spiritually destructive, carrying post-mortem consequences.

Ācāra/Dharma instruction. References to naraka touch Purāṇic moral cosmology but not as a full-scale pralaya/manvantara account.

‘Naraka’ can be read inwardly as the hell of mental suffering produced by transgression—agitation, fear, and loss of inner steadiness—alongside the traditional afterlife reading.