Shloka 32

Adhyaya 24 — Kuvalayashva’s Refusal of Gifts and the Vision of Madalasa’s Maya

Sanskrit

जड उवाच प्रणिपत्य भुजङ्गेशं पुत्रः शत्रुजितस्ततः ।

प्रत्युवाच महात्मानं प्रेमलज्जासमन्वितः ॥

Transliteration

jaḍa uvāca praṇipatya bhujaṅgeśaṃ putraḥ śatrujitastataḥ / pratyuvāca mahātmānaṃ premalajjāsamanvitaḥ

Translation

Jaḍa nói: Bấy giờ, con trai của Śatrujit sau khi cúi lạy Chúa tể loài Nāga, liền đáp lời bậc đại tâm, lòng đầy thương kính và nỗi thẹn thùng khiêm cung.

Word by Word

• jaḍaḥ: Jaḍa (name)
• jaḍaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jaḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• praṇipatya: having bowed down
• praṇipatya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√nam (नम् धातु) (क्त्वा)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त), indeclinable; prior action

• bhujaṅga-īśam: the lord of serpents
• bhujaṅga-īśam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhujaṅga (प्रातिपदिक) + īśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘bhujaṅgānām īśaḥ’); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• putraḥ: son
• putraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to jaḍaḥ

• śatrujitaḥ: conqueror of enemies
• śatrujitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śatru (प्रातिपदिक) + jit (√ji धातु, क्त)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (कर्मधारय/उपपद-समास sense: ‘śatrūn jitaḥ’); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying putraḥ/jaḍaḥ

• tataḥ: then/thereupon
• tataḥ: Kāla/Anantarya (काल/अनन्तर्य)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• pratyuvāca: replied
• pratyuvāca: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prati-√vac (वच् धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• mahātmānam: the great-souled one
• mahātmānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā-ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (महान् आत्मा यस्य/महान् आत्मा); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• prema-lajjā-samanvitaḥ: endowed with affection and modesty
• prema-lajjā-samanvitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prema (प्रातिपदिक) + lajjā (प्रातिपदिक) + samanvita (समन्वित, क्त)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष sense: ‘premaṇā lajjayā ca samanvitaḥ’); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Jaḍa (speaker); Aśvatara/Nāga chief as addressee

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhakti", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Guru-like hospitality/respect
• Etiquette in dialogue
• Humility

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Right relationship to knowledge begins with humility (praṇipāta). Even in wondrous or tense circumstances, the Purāṇic ethic elevates respectful address to the wise/elder as a prerequisite for clarity.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ānucarita: narrative etiquette and characterization within an episode.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Bhujaṅgeśa’ can symbolically indicate kuṇḍalinī/serpentine power; bowing to it suggests submission of ego before subtle power, so that perception is purified before encountering māyā.