Shloka 77

Adhyaya 23 — Ashvatara’s Vow for Madalasa and the Bestowal of Musical Science by Sarasvati

Sanskrit

कस्मान्नानीयते वत्सावुपकाराय मानदः ।

एवमुक्तौ ततस्तेन पित्रा स्नेहवता तु तौ ॥

Transliteration

kasmān nānīyate vatsāv upakārāya mānadaḥ |

evam uktau tatas tena pitrā snehavatā tu tau ||

Translation

“Vì sao người ấy chưa được đưa đến, hỡi các con yêu dấu của ta, để đền đáp ân trợ giúp của người ấy, ô bậc ban danh dự?” Nói vậy, người cha đầy thương mến đã bảo với hai người con.

Word by Word

• कस्मात्: from what? why?
• कस्मात्: Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Neuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)

• आनीयते: is brought
• आनीयते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नी (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Passive voice (कर्मणि प्रयोग), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• वत्सौ: the two boys/sons (dear ones)
• वत्सौ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वत्स (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual (द्विवचन)

• उपकाराय: for help/assistance
• उपकाराय: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपकार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular (एकवचन)

• मानदः: the honor-giver (a person so named/epithet)
• मानदः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

• उक्तौ: when (it) was said thus
• उक्तौ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/कृत् प्रत्यय), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Dual (द्विवचन); ‘when (these two) were spoken to/when it was said thus’

• ततः: then
• ततः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

• तेन: by him
• तेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• पित्रा: by the father
• पित्रा: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• स्नेहवता: affectionate
• स्नेहवता: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्नेहवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying ‘पित्रा’

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात) indicating contrast/emphasis

• तौ: those two (them)
• तौ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Dual (द्विवचन)

Speakers

• Nāga-king (father) to his two sons

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhakti", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Filial duty
• Gratitude
• Honor and social obligation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The narrative reinforces that gratitude is not merely private feeling but must become timely action; honor (māna) is sustained by fulfilling obligations.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Carita with social-dharma emphasis (ācāra): how rulers/elders instruct dependents to uphold reciprocal duty.

What is the esoteric significance?

The father’s ‘affectionate’ authority symbolizes benevolent inner governance—discipline guided by care rather than fear.