Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 23, Shloka 58

Adhyaya 23 — Ashvatara’s Vow for Madalasa and the Bestowal of Musical Science by Sarasvati

Sanskrit

तयोश्च तद्यथावृत्तं भ्रात्रोः सर्वमजायत ।

विज्ञानमुभयोर्ग्र्यं पदतालस्वरादिकम् ॥

Transliteration

tayośca tadyathāvṛttaṃ bhrātroḥ sarvamajāyata / vijñānamubhayoragryaṃ padatālasvarādikam

Translation

Và đối với hai anh em ấy, mọi sự đều xảy ra đúng như lời Nữ Thần đã nói. Với cả hai, tri thức thù thắng liền khởi lên—về pada, tāla, svara và các phần khác.

Word by Word

• tayoḥ: of the two
• tayoḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dual (द्विवचन), Genitive (षष्ठी/6)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• tat: that
• tat: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying ‘yathā-vṛttam’

• yathā-vṛttam: the account as it occurred
• yathā-vṛttam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yathā (अव्यय) + vṛtta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); ‘as it happened’ (यथावृत्तम्)

• bhrātroḥ: of the two brothers
• bhrātroḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Dual (द्विवचन)

• sarvam: everything
• sarvam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• ajāyata: arose; came to be
• ajāyata: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jan (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

• vijñānam: knowledge; understanding
• vijñānam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vijñāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• ubhayor: of both
• ubhayor: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ubhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Dual (द्विवचन)

• agryam: excellent; foremost
• agryam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: agrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying ‘vijñānam’

• pada-tāla-svara-ādikam: (knowledge) of words, rhythm/beat, notes, etc.
• pada-tāla-svara-ādikam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/समास)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pada (प्रातिपदिक) + tāla (प्रातिपदिक) + svara (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक) + ka (प्रत्यय)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); collective ‘etc.’; qualifying/expanding ‘vijñānam’

Speakers

• Narrative voice (continuing from Jaḍa’s report)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Sarasvatī

Shakti Aspects

• Implied Sarasvatī’s grace (prasāda) as causal background

Key Themes

• Fulfillment of boon
• Mastery of music
• Brotherly lineage

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

True learning is validated by transformation and capability (vijñāna), not by mere hearing; the boon becomes embodied competence.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Didactic cultural narrative; peripheral to pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Knowledge arising’ (ajāyata) echoes creation-language: in sacred arts, insight is a kind of inner sṛṣṭi (manifestation) prompted by divine power.