Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 15, Shloka 53

Adhyaya 15 — Karmic Retribution: Rebirths After Naraka and the King’s Compassion in Hell

Sanskrit

ततस्त्वद्गात्रसंसर्गो पवनो ह्लाददायकः ।

पापकर्मकृतो राजन् यातना न प्रबाधते ॥

Transliteration

tatas tvadgātrasaṃsargo pavano hlādadāyakaḥ | pāpakarmakṛto rājan yātanā na prabādhate ||

Translation

Vì thế, hỡi Đại vương, ngay cả luồng gió chạm vào thân ngài cũng trở thành điều đem lại hoan hỷ; và các khổ hình không thể áp bức những kẻ tạo tội, chừng nào họ còn thọ nhận ảnh hưởng ấy.

Word by Word

• ततः: therefore, then
• ततः: Hetu/Kala (हेतु/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, कारण/अनन्तरार्थ; adverb 'therefore/then'

• त्वद्गात्रसंसर्गः: contact with your body
• त्वद्गात्रसंसर्गः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद्-गात्र-संसर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular; तत्पुरुषः = 'contact with your limbs'

• पवनः: wind, air
• पवनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पवन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular (apposition)

• ह्लाददायकः: refreshing, joy-giving
• ह्लाददायकः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ह्लाद-दायक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular; तत्पुरुषः = 'giver of refreshment/joy'

• पापकर्मकृतः: one who has done sinful acts
• पापकर्मकृतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप-कर्म-कृत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular; तत्पुरुषः = 'doer of sinful deeds'

• राजन्: O king
• राजन्: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Vocative singular

• यातना: torment, punishment
• यातना: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यातना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular

• न: not
• न: Nishedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय; negation particle

• प्रबाधते: afflicts, troubles
• प्रबाधते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-बाध् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (वर्तमान), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; Present indicative, 3rd person singular (Ātmanepada)

Speakers

• Yamapuruṣa to the king

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Yama (implied)

Key Themes

• Merit aura
• Compassion and relief
• Annadāna fruit
• Karmic mitigation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Puṇya is portrayed as benefitting even those in adverse states: generous, dharmic living can become a refuge to others, temporarily easing suffering and inspiring reform.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ethical-karmic teaching within narrative; not pañcalakṣaṇa proper.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘joy-giving wind’ is a symbol for sāttvika saṅga: proximity to purified conduct subtly reorders the afflicted psyche, interrupting the momentum of pain (yātanā) at least for a time.