Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 15, Shloka 28

Adhyaya 15 — Karmic Retribution: Rebirths After Naraka and the King’s Compassion in Hell

Sanskrit

दुकूले शार्ङ्गकः पापो हृते चैवांशुके शुकः ।

तथैवाजाविकं हृत्वा वस्त्रं क्षौमं च जायते ॥

Transliteration

dukūle śārṅgakaḥ pāpo hṛte caivāṃśuke śukaḥ | tathaivājāvikaṃ hṛtvā vastraṃ kṣaumaṃ ca jāyate

Translation

Nếu trộm vải mịn (dukūla) thì kẻ tội lỗi sinh làm chim śārṅgaka (một loài chim). Nếu trộm áo mỏng nhẹ (aṃśuka) thì sinh làm vẹt. Cũng vậy, trộm vải len (ājāvika) thì tái sinh trong cảnh giới gắn với vải lanh (kṣauma).

Word by Word

• dukūle: in fine cloth (dukūla)
• dukūle: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dukūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)

• śārṅgakaḥ: a śārṅgaka (a kind of bird)
• śārṅgakaḥ: Pratipādya/Phala (फल; resultant state)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śārṅgaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• pāpaḥ: sinful
• pāpaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (adjective)

• hṛte: when (it is) stolen
• hṛte: Kāla/Hetu (काल/हेतु; when/if stolen)
• Type: Verb
• Root: hṛ (धातु) + क्त (क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (Past passive participle), सप्तमी-तुल्ये लोके (locative-absolute sense)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-निपात (particle of emphasis/limitation)

• aṃśuke: in a garment/cloth (aṃśuka)
• aṃśuke: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṃśuka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)

• śukaḥ: a parrot
• śukaḥ: Pratipādya/Phala (फल; resultant state)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śuka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• tathā: thus/likewise
• tathā: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक; manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-निपात (particle of emphasis)

• ājāvikam: goat-wool cloth
• ājāvikam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ājāvika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• hṛtvā: having stolen/taken
• hṛtvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण; prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: hṛ (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/Absolutive), पूर्वक्रिया (prior action)

• vastram: cloth/garment
• vastram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vastra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• kṣaumam: linen (flax cloth)
• kṣaumam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṣauma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)

• jāyate: is born/becomes
• jāyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jan (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद (Ātmanepada), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Karma
• Ethics
• Theft and recompense

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The passage discourages acquisitiveness for luxury goods and personal adornment. It portrays theft as a cause of losing human status and entering instinctive, imitative, or dependent modes of life.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Karma-vipāka/ācāra instruction; not a pañcalakṣaṇa section.

What is the esoteric significance?

Bird-forms often symbolize restlessness and sensory pursuit. The textile mapping suggests karmic ‘entanglement’ in material textures—consciousness caught in surfaces (appearance) rather than substance (dharma).