Shloka 2

Adhyaya 15 — Karmic Retribution: Rebirths After Naraka and the King’s Compassion in Hell

Sanskrit

उपाध्यायव्यलीकन्तु कृत्वा श्वा भवति द्विजः ।

तज्जायां मनसावाञ्छन् तद्द्रव्यञ्चाप्यसंशयम् ॥

Transliteration

upādhyāyavyalīkaṃ tu kṛtvā śvā bhavati dvijaḥ /

tajjāyāṃ manasāvāñchan taddravyaṃ cāpy asaṃśayam

Translation

Một bà-la-môn lừa dối hay phản bội thầy mình sẽ sinh làm chó. Kẻ trong tâm tham muốn vợ của thầy—và cả tài sản của thầy nữa—cũng sa đọa như vậy, không nghi ngờ gì.

Word by Word

• upādhyāya-vyalīkam: deceit/falsehood toward one’s teacher
• upādhyāya-vyalīkam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upādhyāya+vyalīka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• tu: but / indeed
• tu: Sambandha/Anvaya (सम्बन्ध/अन्वय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• kṛtvā: having done
• kṛtvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (कृ धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/gerund (क्त्वा)

• śvā: a dog
• śvā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śvan (श्वन् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhavati: becomes
• bhavati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• dvijaḥ: a Brahmin
• dvijaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• tat-jāyām: his wife
• tat-jāyām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad+jāyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• manasā: with the mind / mentally
• manasā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (मनस् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)

• vāñchan: desiring
• vāñchan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vāñch (वाञ्छ् धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

• tat-dravyam: his property/wealth
• tat-dravyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad+dravya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha/Anvaya (सम्बन्ध/अन्वय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (सम्भावना/समुच्चयार्थक निपात)

• asaṃśayam: undoubtedly
• asaṃśayam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: asaṃśaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); used adverbially

Speakers

• Yamakiṅkara

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Yama

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Guru-bhakti/ācārya-niṣṭhā
• Mental sin (mānasa)
• Rebirth

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The teacher-student bond is treated as sacrosanct; betrayal and covetousness—even mental—are ethically weighty. Inner intention is not morally neutral.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Dharma instruction and karmic anthropology; not a pancalakṣaṇa core topic.

What is the esoteric significance?

Becoming a dog symbolizes loss of discernment and subjection to appetite; it mirrors the inner state of one who trades reverence for craving.