Shloka 31

Adhyaya 14 — The Messenger of Yama Explains Karmic Retribution and the Causes of Naraka Torments

Sanskrit

भुञ्जानोऽनेकसंसारसम्भवानिह तिष्ठति ।

जातिदेशावरुद्धानि ज्ञानाज्ञानफलानि च ॥

Transliteration

bhuñjāno 'nekasaṃsāra-sambhavān iha tiṣṭhati / jāti-deśāvaruddhāni jñānājñāna-phalāni ca

Translation

Trải nghiệm các quả báo sinh từ nhiều vòng luân hồi, một hữu tình vẫn lưu lại nơi đây (trong thế gian). Và các kết quả của tri thức và vô minh bị giới hạn bởi loài/đẳng cấp nơi sinh và bởi vùng miền cư trú.

Word by Word

• भुञ्जानः: enjoying/experiencing
• भुञ्जानः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/शानच्), परस्मैपदी; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘enjoying/experiencing’

• अनेकसंसारसम्भवानि: born of many cycles of existence
• अनेकसंसारसम्भवानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aneka+saṃsāra+sambhava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: ‘arising from many transmigrations’

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (here/in this world)

• तिष्ठति: remains/stands
• तिष्ठति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• जातिदेशावरुद्धानि: confined by birth and region
• जातिदेशावरुद्धानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jāti+deśa+avaruddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘restricted/limited by birth and place’; अवरुद्ध = past passive participle of अव+रुध्

• ज्ञानाज्ञानफलानि: fruits of knowledge and ignorance
• ज्ञानाज्ञानफलानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jñāna+ajñāna+phala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्व (jñānājñāna) + तत्पुरुष (phala) ‘fruits of knowledge and ignorance’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (and)

Speakers

• Unclear from provided excerpt (later addresses 'rājan')

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Saṃsāra
• Karma
• Epistemic merit (knowledge/ignorance)
• Social/geo constraints

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

One’s present life is a nexus of many past karmas; capacities and outcomes (including those tied to knowledge/ignorance) manifest within the concrete limits of birth and environment.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ethical-philosophical instruction; not sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

The verse hints that ‘knowledge’ is not merely intellectual but karmically conditioned; embodiment and locale become the ‘field’ (kṣetra) where latent tendencies express.