Shloka 14

Adhyaya 14 — The Messenger of Yama Explains Karmic Retribution and the Causes of Naraka Torments

Sanskrit

एताश्चान्याश्च दृश्यन्ते यातनाः पापकर्मिणाम् ।

येन कर्मविपाकेन तन्ममाशेषतो वद ॥

Transliteration

etāś cānyāś ca dṛśyante yātanāḥ pāpa-karmiṇām / yena karma-vipākena tan mamāśeṣato vada //

Translation

“Những khổ hình này và nhiều sự hành hạ khác được thấy dành cho kẻ làm ác. Chúng phát sinh do quả chín của những nghiệp nào? Xin hãy nói cho ta tất cả, không sót điều gì.”

Word by Word

• एताः: these
• एताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; demonstrative pronoun

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• अन्याः: other
• अन्याः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; Nominative plural

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• दृश्यन्ते: are seen/appear
• दृश्यन्ते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; Present indicative, 3rd person plural; आत्मनेपद (passive-like ‘are seen/appear’)

• यातनाः: tortures/punishments
• यातनाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yātanā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; Nominative plural

• पाप-कर्मिणाम्: of the evil-doers
• पाप-कर्मिणाम्: Sambandha/Śeṣa (सम्बन्ध/शेष)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + karman (प्रातिपदिक) + -in (तद्धित)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; Genitive plural; तत्पुरुष (पापं कर्म येषां ते)

• येन: by which
• येन: Karaṇa/Hetu (करण/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया, एकवचन; relative pronoun; Instrumental singular

• कर्म-विपाकेन: by the ripening/result of karma
• कर्म-विपाकेन: Karaṇa/Hetu (करण/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karma (प्रातिपदिक) + vipāka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; Instrumental singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (कर्मणः विपाकः)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun

• मम: to me/of me
• मम: Sampradāna/Sambandha (सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी, एकवचन; Genitive singular (pronoun)

• अशेषतः: completely
• अशेषतः: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: aśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण), तसिल्-प्रत्ययार्थ ‘-तः’ = ‘entirely/without remainder’

• वद: tell/speak
• वद: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vad (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (आज्ञार्थ), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; Imperative, 2nd person singular; परस्मैपद

Speakers

• King to Yama’s messenger

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Yama

Key Themes

• Karma-vipāka
• Moral causation
• Didactic inquiry

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The king’s demand for completeness reflects the Purāṇic aim: to educate through clear causality—actions are not random; consequences have intelligible moral roots.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This is instructional discourse on dharma/adharma and karmaphala; it is supportive material rather than one of the five defining historical-cosmic topics.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Aśeṣataḥ’ points to total-accounting: no fragment of karma is lost; the subtle ledger (adṛṣṭa) matures into experience until knowledge and right action transform the trajectory.