Shloka 3

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

निष्क्रान्तिमुदरात् प्राप्य कथं वा वृद्धिमृच्छति ।

उत्क्रान्तिकाले च कथञ्चिद्भावेन वियुज्यते ॥

Transliteration

niṣkrāntim udarāt prāpya kathaṃ vā vṛddhim ṛcchati |

utkrānti-kāle ca kathañcid-bhāvena viyujyate ||

Translation

Sau khi ra khỏi bào thai, nó đạt sự tăng trưởng như thế nào? Và vào lúc lìa đời, do trạng thái nào mà nó bị tách rời (khỏi thân xác)?

Word by Word

• niṣkrāntim: exit, coming out
• niṣkrāntim: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niṣkrānti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• udarāt: from the womb/belly
• udarāt: Apādāna (अपादान/source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: udara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular

• prāpya: having attained
• prāpya: Pūrvakāla (पूर्वकाल/preceding action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: āp (धातु) + pra- (उपसर्ग)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/Absolutive), ‘having obtained/reached’

• katham: how
• katham: Prashna (प्रश्न)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: katham (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, interrogative adverb

• vā: or
• vā: Samuccaya/Vikalpa (समुच्चय/विकल्प)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, alternative particle

• vṛddhim: growth
• vṛddhim: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vṛddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd), Singular

• ṛcchati: reaches/attains
• ṛcchati: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ṛ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्; idiom ‘vṛddhim ṛcchati’

• utkrānti-kāle: at the time of departing (death)
• utkrānti-kāle: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: utkrānti (प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th), Singular; तत्पुरुषः—‘utkrānteḥ kālaḥ’ (time of departure)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction (च)

• kathañcit: somehow
• kathañcit: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kathañcit (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb (कथञ्चित्) ‘somehow/in some manner’

• bhāvena: by a state/condition
• bhāvena: Karaṇa (करण/instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular

• viyujyate: is separated/disjoined
• viyujyate: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: yuj (धातु) + vi- (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (Passive/कर्मणि), आत्मनेपदम्

Speakers

• Jaimini to the Birds (Dharmapakṣīs)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Life cycle
• Death and departure of the jīva
• Karmic causality (implied)
• Philosophy of the self

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse ties growth and death into one continuum: since separation is inevitable, dharma should be pursued now, and attachments should be moderated.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Supports Sarga/Pratisarga at the microcosmic level (individual embodiment), often used in Purāṇas to ground teachings on karma and mokṣa.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Utkrānti’ points to subtle-body doctrine: what ‘departs’ is not gross flesh but the jīva with its saṃskāras, indicating continuity beyond visible dissolution.