Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 10, Shloka 26

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

एवं संसारचक्रेऽस्मिन् भ्रमता तात सङ्कटे ।

ज्ञानमेतन्मया प्राप्तं मोक्षसम्प्राप्तिकारकम् ॥

Transliteration

evaṃ saṃsāra-cakre 'smin bhramatā tāta saṅkaṭe /

jñānam etan mayā prāptaṃ mokṣa-samprāpti-kārakam

Translation

Hỡi người thân yêu, khi lang thang trong bánh xe hiểm nguy của luân hồi (saṃsāra), ta đã đạt được tri kiến này, tri kiến đưa đến sự thành tựu giải thoát (mokṣa).

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• संसारचक्रे: in the wheel of transmigration
• संसारचक्रे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संसार-चक्र (प्रातिपदिक; components: saṃsāra + cakra)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• अस्मिन्: in this
• अस्मिन्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• भ्रमता: by (one) wandering
• भ्रमता: Karta (कर्ता/Agent, participial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भ्रम् (धातु) → भ्रमन् (कृदन्त, शतृ)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ-प्रत्यय), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine/Neuter agreement by context

• तात: O dear one (son)
• तात: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

• सङ्कटे: in distress/difficulty
• सङ्कटे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सङ्कट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• ज्ञानम्: knowledge
• ज्ञानम्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); demonstrative adjective qualifying ज्ञानम्

• मया: by me
• मया: Karta (कर्ता/Agent, instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• प्राप्तम्: obtained
• प्राप्तम्: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप् (धातु) → प्राप्त (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त-प्रत्यय), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with ज्ञानम्

• मोक्षसम्प्राप्तिकारकम्: causing the attainment of liberation
• मोक्षसम्प्राप्तिकारकम्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मोक्ष-सम्प्राप्ति-कारक (प्रातिपदिक; components: mokṣa + samprāpti + kāraka)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying ज्ञानम्

Speakers

• Unspecified speaker addressing a listener as ‘tāta’

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Mokṣa
• Jñāna
• Vairāgya born of experience

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Suffering and instability in worldly life can mature into liberating discernment; the verse frames jñāna as the decisive means for mokṣa.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Mokṣa-śāstra teaching within the Purāṇa’s narrative fabric; ancillary to the five-lakṣaṇa framework.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘wheel’ signifies compulsive momentum of vāsanās; ‘knowledge’ is the inner reversal (nivṛtti) that breaks the axle of ignorance.