Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 3

Adhyāya 61: Saṃmohana-astra and the Kuru Withdrawal (संमोहनास्त्रं तथा कुरुनिवृत्तिः)

अथ सैन्यं महद्‌ दृष्टवा रथनागहयाकुलम्‌ | अब्रवीदुत्तर: पार्थमपविद्ध: शरैर्भुशम्‌,यह सुनकर उत्तरने, जो बाणोंसे अत्यन्त घायल हो चुका था, रथों, हाथियों और घोड़ोंसे भरी हुई विशाल सेनाकी ओर देखकर कहा--“वीर! अब मैं युद्धभूमिमें आपके उत्तम घोड़ोंको नहीं सँभाल सकूँगा। मेरे प्राण बड़ी व्यथामें हैं और मन व्याकुल-सा हो रहा है!

atha sainyaṁ mahad dṛṣṭvā rathanāgahayākulam | abravīd uttaraḥ pārtham apaviddhaḥ śarair bhuśam ||

Vaiśampāyana nói: Bấy giờ, nhìn thấy đạo quân mênh mông chen chúc chiến xa, voi và ngựa, Uttara—đã bị tên bắn trọng thương—lên tiếng với Pārtha (Arjuna). Trước cảnh tượng chiến trường, bị nỗi sợ và cơn đau lấn át, chàng thú nhận sức lực đang suy kiệt, tâm trí chao đảo, và rằng chàng không còn có thể điều khiển những tuấn mã của Arjuna giữa trận địa nữa.

अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
सैन्यम्army
सैन्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
महत्great, huge
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
रथchariot
रथ:
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Stem (in compound), Singular (as stem)
नागelephant
नाग:
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Stem (in compound), Singular (as stem)
हयhorse
हय:
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Stem (in compound), Singular (as stem)
आकुलम्crowded, filled, confused
आकुलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआकुल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said, spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
उत्तरःUttara (name)
उत्तरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउत्तर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पार्थम्to Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपविद्धःpierced, struck
अपविद्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपविद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
शरैःwith arrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
भृशम्exceedingly, greatly
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
U
Uttara
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)
A
army (sainya)
C
chariots (ratha)
E
elephants (nāga)
H
horses (haya)
A
arrows (śara)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the human reality of fear and mental collapse in the face of overwhelming violence. It frames a moral contrast between wavering resolve and the steadiness expected of a warrior and leader, preparing the ground for guidance, reassurance, and the restoration of courage.

As the battle situation intensifies and the enemy host appears immense, Uttara—already badly wounded—turns to Arjuna and confesses that he cannot continue to manage the chariot horses. His words signal panic and incapacity at a critical moment in the Virāṭa episode.