Shloka 4
Arjuna’s Concentrated Archery and the Rout of the Kaurava Mahārathas
Gāṇḍīva-Nirghoṣa Episode
Devanagari script
आनुपूर्व्यात् तु तत् सर्वमास्थाय जवमुत्तमम् | प्राहिणोच्चन्द्रसंकाशान् कुपितानिव तान् हयान्
Transliteration
ānupūrvyāt tu tat sarvam āsthāya javam uttamam | prāhiṇoc candrasaṅkāśān kupitān iva tān hayān ||
Translation
Rồi theo đúng trình tự, vận dụng mọi cách hay nhất để thúc ngựa, Uttara cho những con ngựa trắng sáng như trăng lao vút lên phía trước với tốc độ tột bậc, như thể chính chúng đang phi trong cơn phẫn nộ.
Word by Word
आनुपूर्व्यात्in due क्रम/sequence; step by step
आनुपूर्व्यात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआनुपूर्व्य
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सर्वम्all (of it)
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आस्थायhaving resorted to; having adopted
आस्थाय:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-स्था
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada/Atmanepada (gerund, voice-neutral)
जवम्speed
जवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उत्तमम्excellent; best
उत्तमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्राहिणोत्he sent forth; he drove on
प्राहिणोत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-हि
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
चन्द्र-संकाशान्moon-like; resembling the moon
चन्द्र-संकाशान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचन्द्र-संकाश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कुपितान्angered
कुपितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकुपित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural, Past passive participle (kta)
इवas if; like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
तान्those
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
हयान्horses
हयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
Speaker
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Characters & Entities
V
VaiśampāyanaU
Uttara (implied by context: 'uttara' as the driver)H
horses (hayāḥ)M
moon (candra, as simile)Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Geographic Context
Sandhi Notes