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Shloka 50

Adhyāya 55: Pārtha–Rādheya Saṃvāda and Tactical Exchange

Chapter 55

एतस्याभिमुखं वीर रथं पररथारुजम्‌ | प्रापयस्वैष राजा हि प्रमाथी युद्धदुर्मद:

etasyābhimukhaṁ vīra rathaṁ pararathārujam | prāpayasvaiṣa rājā hi pramāthī yuddha-durmadaḥ ||

Arjuna nói: “Hỡi dũng sĩ, hãy đánh cỗ chiến xa này—cỗ xe nghiền nát chiến xa quân thù—thẳng đến trước mặt hắn. Vì vị vua ấy quả là kẻ nghiến nát địch quân, hung mãnh, say cuồng bởi nhiệt huyết chiến trận.”

एतस्यof this (one)
एतस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अभिमुखम्facing; towards (the front of)
अभिमुखम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअभिमुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वीरO hero
वीर:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पर-रथ-अरुजम्breaking the enemy’s chariots
पर-रथ-अरुजम्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootपररथारुज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रापयस्वbring; lead; cause to reach
प्रापयस्व:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + आप् (प्रापयति)
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada, Causative (णिजन्त)
एषःthis (man)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed; for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
प्रमाथीcrusher; subduer
प्रमाथी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रमाथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
युद्ध-दुर्मदःfiercely intoxicated for battle; battle-mad
युद्ध-दुर्मदः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयुद्धदुर्मद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वीरO hero
वीर:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
C
chariot
K
king (unnamed in this verse)
E
enemy chariots

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the kṣatriya ethos of meeting a formidable opponent directly, combining courage with tactical positioning—advancing the chariot to confront the battle-maddened king rather than avoiding engagement.

Arjuna issues a battlefield command to his charioteer/companion, instructing him to drive their powerful chariot straight toward a fierce king described as a destroyer of enemies and intoxicated with war.