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Shloka 3

Arjuna’s Self-Identification and the Ten Names

Uttara–Arjuna Saṃvāda

वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं--राजन्‌! नपुंसकवेषमें रथपर बैठे हुए नरश्रेष्ठ अर्जुनको, जो उत्तरको रथपर बिठाकर शमीवृक्षकी ओर जा रहे थे, भीष्म-द्रोण आदि कौरव महारथियोंने देखा। यह देखकर अर्जुनकी आशंका होनेसे वे सबके सब मन-ही-मन भयभीत हो उठे ।। तानवेक्ष्य हतोत्साहानुत्पातानपि चाद्भुतान्‌ । गुरु: शस्त्रभृतां श्रेष्ठो भारद्वाजो5भ्यभाषत,उन सब महारथियोंको हतोत्साह देख तथा अद्भुत उत्पातोंको भी देखकर शस्त्रधारियोंमें श्रेष्ठ भरद्वाजनन्दन आचार्य द्रोण बोले--

vaiśampāyana uvāca | rājann napuṁsakaveṣeṇa rathopaviṣṭaṁ naraśreṣṭham arjunaṁ yo uttarāṁ rathopaviśya śamīvṛkṣaṁ prati yāntam āsīt, taṁ bhīṣma-droṇādayaḥ kauravā mahārathinaḥ dadṛśuḥ | taṁ dṛṣṭvā arjunasya śaṅkābhayāt te sarve manasā bhītā babhūvuḥ || tān avekṣya hatoṭsāhān utpātān api cādbhūtān | guruḥ śastrabhṛtāṁ śreṣṭho bhāradvājo ’bhyabhāṣata ||

Vaiśampāyana thưa: “Tâu Đại vương! Các đại chiến xa của Kaurava—Bhīṣma, Droṇa và những người khác—đã nhìn thấy Arjuna, bậc nhất trong loài người, ngồi trên chiến xa trong dáng vẻ của một kẻ hoạn, lại đặt Uttara lên xe khi tiến về phía cây śamī. Thấy vậy, nghi ngờ đó chính là Arjuna, tất thảy đều khiếp sợ trong lòng. Nhìn các dũng tướng ấy nản chí, lại thấy những điềm lạ kỳ và dữ dội, đạo sư Droṇa—con của Bhāradvāja, bậc nhất trong hàng người mang vũ khí—liền cất lời với họ.”

तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अवेक्ष्यhaving seen/observed
अवेक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-ईक्ष्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
हतोत्साहान्dispirited, whose enthusiasm is struck down
हतोत्साहान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहत-उत्साह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उत्पातान्portents, ominous occurrences
उत्पातान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउत्पात
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अद्भुतान्marvellous/strange
अद्भुतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअद्भुत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गुरुःthe teacher
गुरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शस्त्रभृताम्of weapon-bearers
शस्त्रभृताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootशस्त्र-भृत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
श्रेष्ठःthe best
श्रेष्ठः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भारद्वाजःBharadvaja (Drona)
भारद्वाजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभारद्वाज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभ्यभाषत्spoke/addressed
अभ्यभाषत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-भाष्
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
K
King Janamejaya
A
Arjuna
U
Uttara (Prince of Virāṭa)
B
Bhīṣma
D
Droṇa
K
Kauravas
Ś
Śamī tree
C
Chariot

Educational Q&A

Even the mightiest can be shaken when truth begins to surface: fear arises from uncertainty and conscience, while wise leadership (here, Droṇa as guru) responds by reading both human morale and the signs of circumstance. The passage highlights how inner states—suspicion, courage, and doubt—shape ethical and strategic decisions in dharmic conflict.

Arjuna, still incognito in a eunuch’s guise, rides with Prince Uttara toward the śamī tree to retrieve the Pāṇḍavas’ hidden weapons. The Kaurava champions—Bhīṣma, Droṇa, and others—spot him and, suspecting it is Arjuna, become inwardly fearful and dispirited. Seeing their lowered morale and strange portents, Droṇa begins to address them.