Shloka 21

शरीरनियमं प्राहुब्राह्मिणा मानुषं व्रतम्‌ । मनोविशुद्धां बुद्धि च दैवमाहुर्त्रतं द्विजा:,ब्राह्मणलोग शरीर-शुद्धिके नियमको “मानुषव्रत” बताते हैं और मनके द्वारा शुद्ध की हुई बुद्धिको 'दैवव्रत' कहते हैं

śarīra-niyamaṃ prāhur brāhmaṇā mānuṣaṃ vratam | mano-viśuddhāṃ buddhiṃ ca daivam āhur vrataṃ dvijāḥ ||

Vaiśampāyana nói: Các Bà-la-môn tuyên rằng kỷ luật thân thể là “nhân nguyện”, còn hàng nhị sinh gọi trí tuệ được tâm thanh lọc là “thiên nguyện”. Lời dạy ấy phân biệt sự kiềm chế bên ngoài với sự tịnh hóa bên trong, và đặt giá trị đạo đức cao hơn vào sự trong sáng, thiêng liêng của nhận thức.

शरीरनियमम्the discipline/regulation of the body
शरीरनियमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर-नियम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्राहुःthey said / they declare
प्राहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + अह् (ब्रू)
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मानुषम्human
मानुषम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमानुष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
व्रतम्vow/observance
व्रतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मनःविशुद्धाम्purified by the mind / mentally purified
मनःविशुद्धाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमनस्-विशुद्धा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
बुद्धिम्intellect
बुद्धिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दैवम्divine
दैवम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey call / they say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + अह् (ब्रू)
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
व्रतम्vow/observance
व्रतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
द्विजाःtwice-born (Brahmins)
द्विजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
B
Brāhmaṇas
D
Dvijas

Educational Q&A

The verse ranks two kinds of observance: external bodily regulation is a “human” level of vow, while the purification of intellect through a purified mind is termed “divine,” implying that inner clarity and discernment are the higher spiritual discipline.

Vaiśampāyana reports a doctrinal distinction taught by Brahmins: they define and name two categories of vrata—one focused on bodily restraint and another focused on inner purification—within the broader Vana Parva discourse on dharma and right conduct.