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Shloka 72

यक्षने पूछा--मनुष्यकी आत्मा क्‍या है? इसका दैवकृत सखा कौन है? इसका उपजीवन (जीवनका सहारा) क्या है? और इसका परम आश्रय क्या है? ।। युधिछिर उवाच पुत्र आत्मा मनुष्यस्य भार्या दैवकृतः सखा | उपजीवनं च पर्जन्यो दानमस्य परायणम्‌,युधिष्ठिर बोले--पुत्र मनुष्यकी आत्मा है, स्त्री इसकी दैवकृत सहचरी है, मेघ उपजीवन है और दान इसका परम आश्रय है

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | putra ātmā manuṣyasya bhāryā daivakṛtaḥ sakhā | upajīvanaṃ ca parjanyo dānam asya parāyaṇam ||

Yudhiṣṭhira đáp: “Con trai chính là bản thân của người đàn ông; vợ là bạn đồng hành do số mệnh định. Mây mang mưa là kế sinh nhai của hắn, và bố thí là nơi nương tựa tối thượng của hắn.”

यक्षेनby the Yaksha
यक्षेन:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयक्ष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पृष्टाasked (was asked)
पृष्टा:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
मनुष्यस्यof a man / of a human
मनुष्यस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
आत्माson
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रःthe son
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्माself / (here) soul, very self
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मनुष्यस्यof a man
मनुष्यस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
भार्याwife
भार्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दैवकृतःmade by fate / ordained by the divine
दैवकृतः:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootदैवकृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)
सखाfriend / companion
सखा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसखि/सखा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उपजीवनम्means of subsistence / livelihood
उपजीवनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपजीवन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पर्जन्यःrain-cloud / rain
पर्जन्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपर्जन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दानम्giving / charity
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अस्यof him / of this (man)
अस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
परायणम्supreme refuge / final resort
परायणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरायण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
putra (son)
B
bhāryā (wife)
P
Parjanya (rain-cloud/rain)

Educational Q&A

Human flourishing rests on four supports: continuity and identity through a son (putra as ‘ātmā’), companionship through a wife as fate-ordained partner, material sustenance through rain (the foundation of agrarian life), and the deepest security through dāna—generosity, which is presented as the highest refuge in dharma.

In the Yakṣa-praśna episode of the Vana Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira answers a series of probing questions posed by a Yakṣa. Here he responds by defining what counts as a person’s ‘self,’ companion, livelihood, and ultimate refuge—framing practical life and moral life together.