Shloka 4

द्वैतवन-सरः प्रवेशविघ्नः

Dvaītavana Lake: Obstructed Entry

Devanagari script

वृतः कन्यागणै: सर्वैरात्मीयै: सह पुत्रकै: । मात्‌णां प्रेक्षमाणानां भद्रशाखश्च॒ कौसल:

Transliteration

vṛtaḥ kanyāgaṇaiḥ sarvair ātmīyaiḥ saha putrakaiḥ | mātṝṇāṃ prekṣamāṇānāṃ bhadraśākhaś ca kausalaḥ ||

Translation

Mārkaṇḍeya nói: Được vây quanh bởi tất cả các thiếu nữ trong gia thất của mình, cùng con cái của họ, và dưới ánh nhìn của các bà mẹ, hoàng tử xứ Kosala—Bhadraśākha—đứng giữa họ.

Word by Word

वृतःsurrounded/attended

कन्यागणैःby groups of maidens

सर्वैःby all

आत्मीयैःby his own/kinsmen

सहtogether with

पुत्रकैःwith (his) sons/young sons

मातॄणाम्of the mothers

प्रेक्षमाणानाम्of those watching/looking on

भद्रशाखःBhadrashākha (proper name)

चand

कौसलःthe Kosalan (man of Kosala)

Speaker

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

Characters & Entities

म

मार्कण्डेय (Mārkaṇḍeya)

भ

भद्रशाख (Bhadraśākha)

क

कौसल (Kosala)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse foregrounds social and familial context—how a royal figure is situated within the household community (women, children, and mothers as witnesses). It implicitly highlights the ethical weight of public and familial scrutiny in royal conduct.

What is happening in the narrative?

Mārkaṇḍeya describes Bhadraśākha of Kosala standing or being present while surrounded by the maidens of his own household along with their children, as the mothers look on—setting a scene of domestic/royal assembly and observation.