Shloka 1

Draupadī’s Instruction on Marital Conduct and Household Discipline (चित्तग्रहण-उपदेश)

Devanagari script

हि ० आय न | हि 7 आम ३. तप अर्थात्‌ पांचजन्यके जो पूर्वोक्त चालीस पुत्र बताये गये हैं

Transliteration

mārkaṇḍeya uvāca | āpasya muditā bhāryā sahasya paramā priyā | bhūpatir bhuvabhartā ca janayat pāvakaṃ param ||

Translation

Mārkaṇḍeya nói: Tâu đại vương, vị Hỏa thần mang danh Saha—được gọi như thế vì gắn với thủy giới—có một người vợ chí ái tên là Muditā. Bậc chúa tể cõi đất, đấng nâng đỡ các thế giới, đã nhờ nàng mà sinh ra một ngọn lửa tối thượng, kỳ diệu (pāvaka), rạng rỡ bậc nhất giữa muôn ngọn lửa.

Word by Word

• मार्कण्डेयः: Markandeya
• मार्कण्डेयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मार्कण्डेय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, Third, Singular

• आपस्य: of the waters
• Type: Noun
• Root: आपस्
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Singular

• मुदिता: gladdened; (name) Muditā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मुदिता
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• भार्या: wife
• भार्या: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्या
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सहस्य: of Sah(a) (Agni named Saha)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सह
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• परमा: supreme, very great
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रिया: dear, beloved
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• भूपतिः: lord of the earth; king
• भूपतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूपति
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भुवभर्ता: supporter/lord of the worlds
• भुवभर्ता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुवभर्तृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• जनयत्: begot/produced
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन्
• Form: Imperfect, Third, Singular

• पावकम्: fire (Pāvaka)
• पावकम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पावक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• परम्: supreme, excellent
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• मार्कण्डेय (Mārkaṇḍeya)
• राजन्/भूपति (the king addressed; in context typically Yudhiṣṭhira)
• सह (Saha, a form/name of Agni)
• मुदिता (Muditā)
• पावक (Pāvaka, Fire)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores ordered continuity in the cosmos: even divine forces like Fire are presented through lawful relationships and named lineages, suggesting that stability of the worlds (bhuvabhartā) rests on dharmic order and proper generation.

What is happening in the narrative?

Mārkaṇḍeya narrates a genealogical/cosmic account: the Agni named Saha, associated with waters, has a beloved wife Muditā, and through her he produces a supreme Fire called Pāvaka.