Shloka 59

अधर्मा धर्मरूपेण तृणै: कूपा इवावृता: । तेषां दम: पवित्राणि प्रलापा धर्मसंश्रिता: । सर्व हि विद्यते तेषु शिष्टाचार: सुदुर्लभ:,तिनकेसे ढके हुए कुओंकी भाँति धर्मकी आड़में कितने ही अधर्म चल रहे हैं। धर्मात्माके वेशमें रहनेवाले इन अधार्मिक मनुष्योंमें इन्द्रिय-संयम, पवित्रता और धर्मसम्बन्धी चर्चा आदि सभी गुण तो होते हैं, परंतु उनमें शिष्टाचार (श्रेष्ठ पुरुषोंका-सा आचार-व्यवहार) अत्यन्त दुर्लभ है

adharmā dharmarūpeṇa tṛṇaiḥ kūpā ivāvṛtāḥ | teṣāṃ damaḥ pavitrāṇi pralāpā dharmasaṃśritāḥ | sarvaṃ hi vidyate teṣu śiṣṭācāraḥ sudurlabhaḥ ||

Người thợ săn nói: “Như giếng có thể bị cỏ che lấp, cũng vậy, bao điều phi pháp thường ẩn mình dưới dáng vẻ của pháp (dharma). Ở những kẻ khoác áo người hiền—ta có thể thấy sự tự chế, những biểu hiện thanh tịnh, thậm chí lời bàn dựa vào dharma; nhưng phong thái văn nhã chân thực, lối xử sự tinh luyện của bậc cao quý, lại vô cùng hiếm hoi nơi họ.”

अधर्माःunrighteous (persons/things)
अधर्माः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मरूपेणby/with the form of dharma
धर्मरूपेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मरूप
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
तृणैःwith grasses/straw
तृणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतृण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
कूपाःwells
कूपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकूप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इवlike/as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
आवृताःcovered/veiled
आवृताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-√वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
दमःself-control
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पवित्राणिpurities/purifying acts
पवित्राणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपवित्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
प्रलापाःtalk/discourses
प्रलापाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रलाप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मसंश्रिताःresting on/connected with dharma
धर्मसंश्रिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मसंश्रित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
सर्वम्all (that)
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
विद्यतेis found/exists
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Root√विद् (विद्/विद्यते = to be found/exist)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
तेषुin them
तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
शिष्टाचारःconduct of the cultured/etiquette
शिष्टाचारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्टाचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुदुर्लभःvery rare
सुदुर्लभः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदुर्लभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

व्याध उवाच

V
vyādha (the hunter, speaker)
K
kūpa (well)
T
tṛṇa (grass)

Educational Q&A

External signs of religiosity—restraint, purity, and dharma-talk—can coexist with hidden adharma; the decisive mark of genuine virtue is śiṣṭācāra, the consistently noble and considerate conduct that is rare in hypocrites.

In the Vyādha’s instruction (the hunter’s moral discourse), he warns against judging people by appearances: many conceal wrongdoing under a dharmic façade, and true refinement of behavior is the real test.